MMOGs (massively multiplayer online games) and their rise across the net The WritePass Journal

The Limited Omnipotence in Dr. Faustus free essay sample

At the point when a group of people takes a gander at Christopher Marlowe as an essayist in Doctor Faustus, they may accept the play is a conversation on religion. The conversation in Faustus is the choice of what to have confidence in, regardless of whether it might be a polytheistic or monotheistic religion. Dr. Faustus speaks to keeps an eye on discontent with being human and the battle of tolerating the absence of transcendence and omniscience. In Faustus, he is over and over addressed on his faith in his insight into enchantment, great, and insidiousness. Faustus needs this force and capacity however to accomplish this he should have information in the force or religion. Be that as it may, Faustus’s ruin isn't his capacity yet his insight in the force he has which is at long last restricted. As should be obvious in Stephen Orgel’s Essay Magic and Power in Doctor Faustus, Orgel calls attention to that Faustus didn't generally deal much in his arrangement with the fallen angel and he truly didn't have a clue what to request at long last. He has this extraordinary information however he isn't yearning enough to truly grasp the force he has quite recently been given. In this splendid play by Marlowe, he moves the crowd to search inside and pick in the case of having extraordinary information prompts a satisfying fate. In the start of the play, the crowd discovers Faustus in his investigation, going over rationale, medication, law, religion, and enchantment. In the play, he just investigations these subjects midway reasoning he comprehends what he is perusing by accepting all the information however not so much getting a handle all in all image. For instance, when taking a gander at religion Faustus peruses in the Bible from Romans 6:23 â€Å"The wages of transgression is Death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Faustus stops in the refrain and reasons that when we sin we should bite the dust an everlasting passing. Anyway the remainder of the refrain goes â€Å" †¦but the endowment of God is endless life,† Faustus realizes that contemplating prompts information on reality, yet in the event that he just finishes up on just 50% of the subject information is nothing a direct result of reality he needs to accept. Faustus’ biased origination is his extraordinary destruction. As Orgel puts it, â€Å"Faustus himself is a saint and a comedian since he has unbounded desire and a deficient creative mind. † Faustus inadequate creative mind is demonstrated when he plunges into enchantment. Enchantment manages the body, the insight, and the fascination on material things; which is a retreat from the real world and obligation. This force has no guidelines it is a through and through freedom capacity to do whatever, at whatever point. Faustus’ ravenousness for capacity to live in a liberal life drives him off track to make the settlement with the fiend. When gathering Mephistopheles he communicates his longing to carry on with a satisfied life, to be the sovereign of the world, to control nature and to acquire the full information on the universe. Orgel states, â€Å"The dreams of boundless force are reliably downsized in the play; until they at last appear to speak to something that truly should be reachable do you need to make an agreement with the fallen angel just to find an OK line of work or somebody to hit the sack with? Orgel has a point on the grounds that the boundless force winds up having such a large number of rules and guidelines to follow. Faustus starting senses in the start of the play when given the dull enchantment power are charitable. Before Faustus makes his arrangement, he bro adcasts â€Å"I’ll have them divider all Germany with metal,/And make quick the Rhine, circle faire Wittenberg. /I’ll have them fill the government funded schools with silk,/Wherewith the understudies will be valiantly clad. /I’ll demand warriors with the coin they bring,/And pursue the Prince of Parma from our property,/And rein sole lord of the considerable number of areas. The guarantee of reclamation for the individuals of Germany, for the recovering of his country from a sovereigns and the church’s rule are on the whole unfilled guarantees. Everybody some time needed to accomplish something incredible for another person yet it ends up being something totally different, which prompts a major calamity. Faustus has every single extraordinary goal be that as it may; his sacrificial desire in the long run become narrow minded for his very own delights. One of Faustus’ desire is to become sovereign liberating the individuals from the rule of Prince Parma. A chivalrous signal from the start until Faustus concludes he wouldn't like to be the head however be the emperor’s performer. In the wake of sparing creation a major blockhead of the pope and sparing Bruno, the heads pick for the following pope, Faustus’ utilizes this signal as an inside greeting to draw near to the sovereign. Does he overlook the force he has in light of the fact that he could be ruler in a squint of an eye then everybody would need to be on â€Å"Great Faustus† great side? Notwithstanding, Faustus utilizes his capacity for diversion by conjuring the spirits of past extraordinary rulers like Alexander the Great, and the incredible sovereign Darius. This implication nearly put the head into free for all since he admires these incredible sovereigns. Faustus likewise pulls a prank on Benvloio on the grounds that he was in dismay of Faustus’ enchantment. The emperor’s court accepts that Faustus is doing all propositions stunt without anyone else however Mephistopheles is actually the one doing these otherworldly things as per Faustus want. Since Faustus gave his spirit to the fiend, Mephistopheles couldn't care less what Faustus does on the grounds that after his agreement has concluded, Faustus spirits is Mephistopheles. Faustus most prominent want isn't administering the world its vengeance, and sexual disruption from religion. Faustus in the long run needs a spouse yet Mephistopheles won't permit that since marriage is a hallowed (authentic) thing. This is only one case of how Mephistopheles drove Faustus off track from the genuine force and truth. Mephistopheles substitute for Faustus want for a spouse is a guarantee to bring another young lady regular just for Faustus sexual joy. Be that as it may, Faustus doesn't settle with a genuine ladies yet a figure of a ladies. The figure of a lady implied a unimportant picture that can't be contacted or cherished only some picture to appreciate. In Faustus last hours he demands to see Helen of Troy yet he can't contact her at all since she is a soul in figure. On the off chance that Faustus were shrewd, he would not let this standard substitute the way since he accepts to have control over Mephistopheles so if Faustus needs Helen of Troy to lay down with he gets it. The crowd can see Faustus aspirations being wound to more desire that are not dedicated to a specific thing; he needs to fly, to go to Rome, to be undetectable, to mortify the pope, to be fiendish without results. Inevitably all Faustus needs is to consider the information on the universe which Mephistopheles acquires him all the books the whole world to examine. Faustus has an absence of creative mind however perhaps it isn't creative mind yet his academic absence of innovation. At long last does Faustus make an extraordinary deal with the fallen angel was it a misuse of twenty-four years? Crowds can concur that Faustus gets youthful with his capacity so his deal is by all accounts an exercise in futility. In the event that the facts confirm that, doctrinally, Faustus can't apologize, it is a teaching that Faustus is either uninformed of or denies. What he says, a few times, is that he is hesitant to atone, apprehensive that the fiends will destroy him on the off chance that he does-as though this were more terrible than, or unique in relation to, being carted away to hellfire . In the last snapshot of disappointment, seeing Christ’s circulatory system in the atmosphere and persuaded that ‘One drop would spare my soul,’ Faustus gets out ‘I will jump up to my God: who pulls me down? The play is in this regard significantly more an allurement than a notice We see that we could improve, make deal and pull off it, have the world and have apology as well. The most serious peril isn't condemnation, its human jealousy. For all the play’ discusses power, its rule topic is endurance.

Global 1 Review Sheet Free Essays

Worldwide Review Sheet-FINALS * Anthropologist-somebody who studies culture * Neolithic insurgency agribusiness; no more migrants; settlements * River Valley Civilizations (all the developments had 2 waterways with the exception of Egypt) * Mesopotamia * Tigris and Euphrates streams * Egypt * The Nile stream * Indus * The Indus and Ganges waterways * China * Huang He and Yangtze waterways * Mesopotamia * Cuneiform * Code of Hammurabi * The laws were the equivalent for all residents yet the discipline were distinctive relying upon what social class you had a place with. * Egypt * Hieroglyphics * Pyramids China * Daoism * The Silk Road * The command of paradise * Filial devotion * Indus * Hinduism * Irrigation * Religion Monotheistic| Judaism(5,000 years old)| Christianity(2012 years old)| Islam(1400 years old)| Place of Worship| Temple| Church| Mosque| Book of Worship| Torah| Bible| Koran| Code of Behavior| 10 commandments| 5 Pillars| * Polytheistic * Hinduism (more than 5,00 years of age) * Caste framework * Reincarnation * Buddhism * Reincarnation, karma, dharma * NO CASTE SYSTEM * 8 overlay way and nirvana * GREECE *democracy* * Mountains * City states * Cultural decent variety * Islands * Trade * Resources Easily attacked * Mediterranean atmosphere * Alexander the Great * Conquered India, Egypt, and Persia (current Iran) * Cultural dissemination * Helenistic * Greek + Persian * MIDDLE AGES (500 AD)- fall of the roman realm * Very precarious * Feudalistic : to maintain control; stable political framework * Manorialism * Castle * Church (Roman Catholic Church; responsible for everything; more force than the lord) * Farmland (serf worked the land) * CRUSADES (strict wars) * People joined in light of the fact that they were guaranteed that they would go to paradise * Resulted in social dispersion * PLAGUE * Killed ? he populace of Europe(short term impact) * Broke down feudalism (long) * Ended the medieval times (long) * JAPAN * Archipelago (exchange, assets, at tack) * Mountains (porch cultivating) * Ring of Fire (scared of nature shintoism (1 religion that regards nature; 2 began with the Ring of Fire and afterward the Japanese began going to different things) * European FeudalismJapanese Feudalism * MONGOLIAN EMPIRE (great military, request, level land=easy travel) * Largest realm * Very tolerating of different societies * Isolated Russia from Europe * Cultural dispersion * **Kublai khan and Marco Polo RENASANCE * Rebirth of Greek and Roman culture * Humanism-when the attention is on the individual * Secularism-non strict * Reasoning-individuals looked to different things when god was not, at this point an adequate answer. Ex)science and addressing religion * AZTEC (Mexico) * Calendar and chinampas * MAYAS (Central America) * Calendar and pyramids * INCAS (Peru) * Machu Pichu * Terrace cultivating * Roads * TRADE ROUTES * Silk street * Connected China with the Middle East and Europe * The Middle East was the center man; the main way Euro pe could get merchandise from China was through the Middle East and that was expensive. We will compose a custom article test on Worldwide 1 Review Sheet or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The silk street conveyed silk, flavors, Buddhism, Confucianism, and caused social dispersion, * Trans Sahara Trade * Carried gold, salt, and Islamic religion * Between North and West Africa. * Colombian Exchange * Included Europe and America * To Europe: food * To America: constrained Christianity and ailment * Triangular Trade * Included Europe, Africa, and America * Africa provided captives to work the yields without pay * The slaves were abused * Atlantic Slave Trade * America and Africa * PROTESTANT REFORMATION * Martin Luther-95 proposals grievances to chapel pope said that he won’t change-Lutheran Step by step instructions to refer to Global 1 Review Sheet, Papers

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essays - Hermia, Demetrius,

A Midsummer Night's Dream In Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream the human young characters begin to look all starry eyed at absurdly, and the character Bottom states, O what tricks these humans be. They are absurd since they act like kids. Despite the fact that Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius, and Helena show up grown-up, when they are enamored they act stupidly. The four young sweethearts are fools. Demetrius is an idiot since he is unconscious that his affection changes all through the play. Toward the beginning of the play Demetrius doesn't cherish Helena. (II ii,line 188) Demetrius says, I love thee not, accordingly seek after me not. (II ii,line 194) Consequently, get thee gone, and tail me no more. In III ii, Demetrius in the wake of being squeezed starts to adore Helena. (III ii,line 169-173) Demetrius says, Lysander, keep thy Hermia; I will none. On the off chance that e'er I adored her, all that adoration is no more. My heart to her yet as visitor insightful stayed, And now to Helen is it home returned, There to remain. This demonstrates he is a numb-skull, since he is not mindful of his changing affection for Helena. Helena is a bonehead since Demetrius doesn't cherish her however she still continues pursuing him. Demetrius shows no affection for Helena. (II i,line 227-228) Demetrius says, I'll run from thee, and conceal me in the brakes, And leave thee to the benevolence of wild mammoths. (II i,line 199-201) Do I tempt you? Do I talk you reasonable? Or on the other hand rather do I not in plainest truth Tell you I don't, nor I can't adore you? Demetrius obviously outlines to Helena that he has no intrigue, yet Helena endures. (II i,line 202-204) Helena says, And in any event, for that do I love you the more. I am your spaniel; and, Demetrius, The more you beat me, I will grovel on you. (II i,line 220-222) Your prudence is my benefit. For that It isn't night when I do see your face, Consequently I think I am not in the night; This demonstrates Helena is a fool since Demetrius doesn't cherish her, however she despite everything continues. Lysander is a blockhead since he convinces Hermia to maintain a strategic distance from death and flee with him. Hermia must wed Demetrius or she will be put to demise. (I i,line 83-88) Theseus says, Set aside some effort to delay, and, by the next new moon-The fixing day in between my affection and me, For everlasting bond cooperation Upon that day either get ready to kick the bucket For defiance to your dad's will, Or else to marry Demetrius, as he would, Hermia doesn't cherish Demetrius. (I i,line 140) Hermia says, O damnation! To pick love by another's eyes. Hermia cherishes Lysander. (I i,line 150-155) On the off chance that, at that point genuine sweethearts have been ever crossed, It ezds as an decree in fate. At that point let us instruct or preliminary tolerance, Because it is a standard cross, As because of affection, as contemplations and dreams and murmurs, Wishes and tears, poor extravagant's adherents. Lysander has another option thought. (I i,line 157-159) Lysander says, I have a widow auntie, a matron Of incredible income, and she hath no youngster; >From Athens is her house remote seven alliances. (I i,line 164-165) Take forward thy father's home tomorrow evening, And in the wood, an association without the town. Lysander is a dolt since he persuades Hermia to chance passing what's more, flee with him. Hermia is a dolt since she chances passing for adoration. Hermia is to wed Demetrius, or be executed. (I i,line 95-98) Egeus says, Contemptuous Lysander, valid, he hath my adoration, And what is mine my affection will render him. Also, she is mine, and all my privilege of her I do home unto Demetrius. Lysander recommends a thought. (I i,line 157-159) Lysander says, A great influence. In this way her me, Hermia. I have a auntie, a widow Of incredible income, and she hath no kid; Hermia concurs with the thought. (I i,line 168-169) Hermia says, My great Lysander, I vow to thee by Cupid's most grounded bow, (I i,line 178) Tomorrow genuinely will I meet thee. Hermia is a nitwit since she is gambling demise for the love of Lysander. In this way this demonstrates, the four adolescent sweethearts are fools. (VI I, Theseus states) Sweethearts and

Term Papers Written by a University Professor

Term Papers Written by a University ProfessorTerm papers written by a University professor are one of the most valuable tools you have at your disposal in deciding which degree program to select. At first glance, they may look completely different from those written by a working student, but once you begin reading, you will quickly realize that they have a lot in common.You will find that all the critical teaching skills are learned in the first semester of your first year. It is difficult to teach without this kind of initial knowledge, and it is critical that this is acquired. This knowledge may not be new to you, but it will come at a much faster rate in this course than in any other course.The research skills, research methods, the writing style, the fact that the professor has given the assignment at all, and the fact that the professor feels that the material on paper will be of help to the student when he or she writes them is critical to writing term papers written by a Unive rsity professor. At first, they may seem totally different, but it is important to remember that many of the same things will show up at the end of the term. In fact, it is possible to collect information in old journals published elsewhere, and even obtain a small library of reference material. If this does not appeal to you, there are scores of textbooks available for rent at the college bookstore. The word 'impeccable'outstanding' frequently appear on the covers of books. Also, college professors usually make copies available to students to whom they are making their mark on their teaching career.There are also good references on the internet that can be your guide if you cannot access some of the more difficult online resources. The most difficult thing about working through the books is that you have to determine the format to use and learn the terminology. It's a good idea to start with a dictionary and then work your way through the other online resources asyou go. At first, there may be more questions and more words than there are answers, but once you get into the rhythm of things, you will find that you are producing higher quality writing.Another important quality to remember is that your term papers written by a University professor are long and very detailed. The important information must be presented properly in order to develop into a coherent and complete argument. You will find that it is very easy to overlook the facts, and you will find that you forget important details. Your main objective will be to convince the professor that the arguments on paper are superior to the arguments he or she gave you.It is also important to understand that most of the arguments and observations you present in your term papers written by a University professor have been learned in previous years. It is the professor's job to remind you of these prior experience points.Term papers written by a University professor will include references and some short essays to review what you have learned throughout the semester. When you think of term papers written by a University professor, think of the future job of a University professor.

Information flows and financial management - 550 Words

Information flows and financial management (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Information FlowName:Institution:Introduction Each organization regardless of the size has some form of information flow within and without the organization structure. With reference to the decisions, objectives, levels and the powers distribution among the different players in the business model, the structure can vary widely. Movement, the level of interpretation and manipulation of information tends to take the same form and shape from one organization to the next. For an organization like Kuala foundation, information moves in several directions. This is an organization that offers several software solutions to institutions and businesses alike. With its open source approach, the organization has developed from a small firm to a well recognized and respected firm in the industry, with close reference to financial softwares (Kuali.org, 2014). There are four ways that information can move within and without Kuala Foundation which include; horizontal movement, inwar d-outward flow, vertical information flow and downward information flow.Horizontal Information Flow Within the organization there are number levels that are part of the organization structure. At the same time there are different clients that are using the financial system designed, managed and maintained by Kuali. Within this levels where the decision-making powers are almost similar or of the same level, any information that is shared, moves in horizontal manner (Greg, 2013). For example, among the board of directors, their decision making powers are almost similar. Much of the debates that they hold are carried through all the members consensus before they are passed. This means that any form of exchange of financial data that takes place between these members is horizontal. This is the same case with customers, when they pass along financial information amongst themselves (Kuali.org, 2014). At the same time any financial information that is passed among the different members of the operational teams in the different departments also takes the same form. Information is always flowing from Kuali students, financial system, human resources, Coues, open library environment, rice mobility and ready departments (Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey, Donovan Pinsonneault, 2006).Inward-Outward Flow Sometimes information needs to be exchanged between the management of the organization and the clients or the stakeholders. This means that the information could be coming from the management to the clients, in which case it would be moving outwards. At the same time it could mean that the information is coming from the stakeholders or the clients to the management, which in this case is inward (Vpaf.umd.edu, 2014). For Kuali foundation, it is always in constant exchange of vital financial information between the management and the clients or the stakeholders (Greg, 2013). This is a basic aspect of any business as it has to be in constant communication with these entities as part of managing their finances as clients (Ariz, 2012). When universities or the organizations on the system upload documents with regard to their accounts transactions, these are inward flows to the system. Sections heads will from time to time initiate transactions in the various accounts, in an outward flow on information (Kuali.org, 2014).Vertical Information Flow This is a flow that underlined by information moving from the lower levels of management to the higher management levels. Any financial information that comes to the board of directors from the sectional heads is moving in the vertical flows. This means that it is moving from lower levels to the much higher levels in the organization structures (Vpaf.umd.edu, 2014). Information such as monitoring reports, audit reports and other metrics carried out on the various accounts for the general management of the platform, are considered vertical flows if they are passed from the operational levels such as the sections heads to t he board directors (Greg, 2013).Downward information flow This is a flow that is pretty much the opposite of a vertical flow, such that information with financial data now flows from the upper levels of management to the lower levels of management. Whenever, reports are discussed by the board of directors, there is alw...

The Differences Between Buddhism and Hinduism Essay

Both Buddhism and Hinduism are well known religions. They are two of the most popular polytheistic faiths in the world. Some people believe them to be sects of the same religion, but they are mistaken. Buddhism and Hinduism have some similarities, but many things set them apart from each other as well. They are each their own religion in many aspects. Buddhism and Hinduism come from the same region, India. Both of them are very focused on nature, the things around them, though they both believe in several hells and heavens, or higher and lower worlds. They both believe in karma which is the affect a person’s actions in this life will change his next life. Another point is that both religions focus on peace, and non violence towards all†¦show more content†¦Hindus believe in the four stages of life, but the Buddha do not share that believe. Whereas the Buddhists believe in the concept of Bodhisattvas, or the enlightened existence, but the Hindus do not. Buddhists must believe that the Buddha, Sangha, and Dhamma are the three most important requirements on the eightfold path, or the principal teachings of the Buddha. Hinduism has many different paths of self realization. Both religions believe in karma and reincarnation, but their terms and conditions vary, different in as many ways as they are similar. Buddhists hav e no priests or rituals like the Hindus do. Also, in the Buddhist religion, any follower than achieve Nirvana, but in the Hindu religion, only the Brahmins, or priests, could achieve moksha, the Hindu equivalent of Nirvana. Another large difference is that Buddhists do not believe in the Caste System, a main factor in Hinduism. This is one of their largest differences. Hinduism does not know their original creator, unlike most other religions; they’ve lost any information about their founder over the many years, whereas the Buddhists know their creator, Buddha. Buddhism is a much younger religion than Hinduism. The two religions are very much different. Both religions came from the same soil, in what is now known as India. TheyShow MoreRelatedSimilarities and Difference Between Hinduism and Buddhism. Essay2345 Words   |  10 PagesSimilarities and difference between Hinduism and Buddhism. Buddhism believes in the process of reincarnation based on deeds of the present life. Hinduism also believes that everyone is a part of an impersonal world and therefore, ones soul reincarnates into another body of any being, based on the deeds of the present life. One has to work for salvation oneself and therefore, cannot blame others for the same. The salvation depends on the good deeds of a person. In Hinduism also, one attains salvationRead MoreThe Similarities and Differences between Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism1194 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious teachings: Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. These three sects in religious thinking have many similarities as all recognize the life-cycle and the need of liberation, they worship one central deity that used to be a human who gained enlightenment and they all recognize the existence of the eternal soul and after-death re-incarnation. However, they also share a lot of differences that mark the underlying principles of practicing them. I will identify the scope of differences and similaritiesRead MoreDifferences Between Yoruba, Hinduism ( Karma ) And Buddhism1590 Words   |  7 Pages쀀쀀e in become more evolved as a nation one of the problem that needs to be address is how to respon se to diverse faith within our healthcare practices. This essay serves to compare these three different religious philosophies: Yoruba, Hinduism (karma) and Buddhism, to a Christian’s perspective. These religions have wide perspectives but one will key in on health management and what to expect from healthcare point of view while caring for these patients. Yoruba religion is based on nature worshippingRead MoreDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words   |  10 Pages Title: Difference and Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and theyRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism948 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Hinduism and Buddhism came from the region called India. Hinduism was the dominant one in the subcontinent, while Buddhism had to flee to other regions to spread its belief to the people. The creation of Hinduism will eventually give birth to Buddhism later on. Even though both â€Å"religions† came from the same region, they have some similarities and differences between them. Hinduism from the start was a combination of different beliefs or ceremonies from the Indus Valley Civilization. All ofRead MoreHinduism vs. Buddhism Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesHinduism and Buddhism are two of the most interesting religions in the world. To date, people still practice these religions in varying parts of the world. Although originating from the country of India, some have difficulty in differentiating between the two. Although Hinduism and Buddhism share many similarities, they are also different. What is Hinduism? Hinduism, the largest of the eastern religion and one of the oldest in the world. (Curry). Hinduism denotes the religions of majority ofRead MoreHinduism Vs. Buddhism970 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Buddhism are two of the most interesting religions in the world. To date, people still practice these religions in varying parts of the world especially in India. Although originating from Ancient India, some have difficulty in differentiating be tween the two. Hinduism and Buddhism share many similarities and also differ immensely. What is Hinduism? Hinduism, often referred to as Sanatana Dharma is the largest of the eastern religion and one of the oldest in the world. â€Å"HinduismRead MoreComparing Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana644 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the difference between Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana in relation to both Hinduism and Buddhism. Karma is the connotation of causality that past actions influence future events. This is the same for both Buddhism and Hinduism. Both also believe in an endless cycle of births known as endless cycle of births, known as samsara. and release from this cycle of rebirths. Hindus believe in an everlasting soul (atman) that is reincarnated almost intact from birth to birth,Read MoreCompare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesHinduism and Buddhism Some people may think that Hinduism and Buddhism are the same religions with just two different names. They aren’t, Buddhism and Hinduism both have different types of rituals, holidays, founders, and so-on. The two extensive religions of Hinduism and Buddhism have lots of information behind themselves. They are made up of cultures, rituals, practices, and many other things. â€Å"Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over a long period of timeRead MoreComparing The Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesExam II #2. Compare and contrast the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. What were the essential differences between the two? What hope did they give to the common people of India ? Both Hinduism and Buddhism are prominent religions in the ancient and modern world. They are arguably two of the most popular polytheistic faiths as well. Most people make the mistake of grouping them as one uniform religion, but this is inaccurate. Buddhism and Hinduism do split some resemblance, but several aspects

Essay on The No Child Left Behind Act - 953 Words

President Bush quoted, â€Å"Clearly, our children are our future†¦Too many of our neediest children are being left behind† (www.ed.gov). The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act expands the federal government’s role in elementary and secondary education. The NCLB act was enacted January 8, 2002, and has four reform principles to the act: Accountability, flexibility, Researched-based reforms and parental options. Accountability begins with informed parents, communities and elected leaders so we can work together to improve schools. The states will measure the progress by testing every child in grades 3 through 8 in reading and math, states will implement fair and effective annual tests and Washington will provide funding to states to design and†¦show more content†¦As just one example, under the Choice provisions of NCLB, LEAs must allow transfers of students from poorly performing Title I schools to good schools, but Title I funding will not follow t hat student to the new school. NCLBs Choice provisions ignore such realities, suggesting that poorly performing students will somehow magically become good readers by moving to a school with good scores. The likelihood is that your previously successful school will find its average scores pulled down dramatically by the new arrivals. Since your schools performance is rated by disaggregating five sub categories of students and watching their scores, your school could rapidly decline into a poorly performing category, so much for reform. Improving student performance is ultimately a matter of improving the capacity of the system to deliver effective learning experiences to all students. Another problem with NCLB act is school choice, if a school fails two years in a row every single student has the right to go to another school. This creates a bigger student to teacher ratio, and gives students less individual time with the teacher. There is also Too little focus on social causes o f poor performance, despite decades of evidence that poor school performance is shaped in part by poverty, neglect and various social disadvantages, NCLB does little to alter those root causes. Anyone with a true commitment to turning around the performance of disadvantaged children wouldShow MoreRelatedNo Child Left Behind Act1621 Words   |  7 Pages The support for the No Child Left Behind Act plummeted down shortly after the act passed. Many people supported the act at first simply because they supported the goals of the act, once they saw the results, their opinions changed. One of the biggest arguments towards No Child Left Behind is that it is unfair. People believed the resources of difference schools were unequal, and thought the Title 1 funding that the schools received should go to ensuring all schools had equal resources. Many peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review: Every Student Succeeds Act Suzanne Hatton, BSW, LSW University of Kentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of itsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act875 Words   |  4 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act â€Å"NCLB† was a bill passed by the Senate in 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. It was a revision of the Elementary and Secondary Act â€Å"ESEA† of 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The NCLB was intended to help children in lower-income families achieve the same standard of education as children in higher income families. This was done by the federal government providing extra finances for Title I schools in exchange for a rise in academicRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1418 Wor ds   |  6 Pagessystematic oppression. The flowing water of oppression floods poor schools; drowning students with dreams, and giving no mercy. The only ones safe from the water are the privileged, who are oblivious to the fact that it exists. George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2002, mandated annual standardized testing in math and reading. If schools received insufficient scores, they were punished or shut down. This fueled the construed concept that a school is only doing well if the students haveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesuccessful at it. (Source 7) Next, the â€Å"No Child left behind Act† it was signed by President George W. Bush and it passed with bipartisan support on Jan. 8, 2002. This Act states that there will be mandated annual testing in the subject reading and math and science. In the grades 3-8 and 10th grade. It shows the Adequate Yearly Progress of each school in the system of the United States. (source 1) The biggest point of this Act is that no child is â€Å"trapped in a failing school† (source 1). That eachRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act2120 Words   |  9 PagesWhen President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law in 2002, the legislation had one goal-- to improve educational equity for all students in the United States by implementing standards for student achievement and school district and teacher performance. Before the No Child Left Behind Act, the program of study for most schools was developed and implemented by individual states and local communities†™ school boards. Proponents of the NCLB believed that lax oversightRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1988 Words   |  8 PagesJanuary 8, 2002, George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law (also known as the NCLB). The No Child Left Behind Act was the latest reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, a federal education bill addressing the nation’s schools. At his signing ceremony, Bush stated, â€Å"There’s no greater challenge than to make sure that every child—and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children—every single child, regardless of where they live, how they’reRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was the biggest educational step taken by president Bush and his administration. Its main goal included the increase of achievement in education and completely eliminate the gap between different racial and ethnic grou ps. Its strategies had a major focus on uplifting test scores in schools, hiring â€Å"highly qualified teachers† and deliver choices in education. Unluckily, the excessive demands of the law have not succeeded in achieving the goals that were set, and have causedRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1747 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NALB) was signed into law by the former President of the United States George Walker Bush on the 8th of January 2002. It was a congressional attempt to encourage student achievement through some reforms focused on elementary and secondary education programs in the United States. The NCLB requires that within a decade all students including those with disabilities to perform at a proficient level on their state academic evaluation testsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1124 Words   |  5 PagesChristian J. Green Dr. Shoulders NCLB and ESSA 28 February 2016 The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was authorized by and signed into law in 2002. NCLB was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB was meant to hold schools to higher standards, enforce accountability, and close achievement gaps that had existed in education since ESEA was enacted. Nevertheless, the rigorous standards and goals set forth under NCLB were never attained. ESEA Flexibility could

Gender in Nursing Essay - 1351 Words

Are male nurses accepted by female nurses? Nursing was mainly a female career, over the year’s males are moving into the role of nursing (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008). The shortage of nurses could be a factor why males are entering the nursing field. According to (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008 in 1963 on 1% of nurses were male and in 2000 5.4% are male. People question a males sexuality if they move into the nursing profession. Public’s assume that the male nurses are homosexual as cited by (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008. Whereas women are accepted in the role of a physician, men are challenged by the role of nursing. A study was done to determine the attitude of acceptances of the male nurses by female nurses (McMillan, Morgan †¦show more content†¦The instrument used was a non-copyrighted, 46-item open-ended questionnaire, Sexist Attitude Inventory (SAI) to measure attitudes of professionals toward the opposite sex, who dominates the profession. Originally, the SAI was used for economics, so the instrument had to be adjusted. They called in Attitude Inventory (AI) to accommodate their study. The instrument was pilot tested, and the item analysis indicated a strong degree of internal consistency, which proved validity, and reliability (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008). The 4-point Likert scale was used and the scoring 4 being high 1 being low. A high AI score would be equal to or greater than 131 and a low AI would be equal to or less than 120 and is consistent with the original SAI. Other variables used included position, sex, marital status, age, years of license, education level, years of nursing, and specialty, work experience with a male nurse, city population or town where most of their time was spent between age five-16 (social elements), current city or town population and number of employees in their medical institution (social elements). The social elements, it was thought, might lead to positive attitudes about mens role in th e workplace. That may lead to a broader view (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008). An alpha level of p.05 was used for all statistical test. The participants were described by descriptive statistics. The t-test, chi-square, andShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination and Nursing973 Words   |  4 PagesNow in days you see more males nurses than before, in the nursing field. Having male nurses can be beneficial, but then again some people tend to refuse them. The public know male nurses as to not being productive or effective as female nurses. Others think the opposite; perhaps they have experienced a bond with male nurses. Male nurses can make certain patients feel comfortable. In some cases men are necessary when nurses need that extra physical strength. Also it may seem stereotype, but men tendRead MoreGender Issues in the Nursing Profession2023 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction - Male nurses make up about 9% of nursing students in both Canada and the United States. Whilst, on the one hand, the circumstance of male nurses seems to be growing, on the other hand, it is not growing too rapidly and, at the same time, attrition is taking place so that more male nurses are leaving the nursing field that are entering it (Stott, 2007). This is astonishing particularly given the fact that males who enter nursing are given more opportunity than females and open to lucrativeRead MoreEssay on Gender Bias for Men in the Field of Nursing690 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen victims of gender bias, whether in the academic fields; our roles at home; or even in the clothes we chose to wear. This problem is not something that came up recently, rather it’s an issue that has been ongoing for centuries. As a child, if you are a girl, you wear pink clothes with flowers and play with Barbie dolls. A little boy on the other hand, wears blue and walks around with toy cars and video ga me controllers. Before we can choose our goals, we are assigned specific gender roles and careerRead MoreGender Roles Since The 1980 s And Their Impact On The Nursing Profession2203 Words   |  9 PagesThis report explores the changes in gender roles since the 1980’s and their impact on the nursing profession Sex and gender According to sociobiology our sex, or, our biological differences are what determines our gender. Sociobiologists suggest that biological elements such as our hormones, chromosomes and the size of our brain are what influence our behaviour and consequently what differentiates our gender. Because men produce more testosterone and androgens than women, which are linked to strengthRead MoreGender Differences Between Associate And Baccalaureate Degree Levels1637 Words   |  7 Pages While the nursing field continues to flourish in today’s job market,it is also experiencing a massive shortage. Despite this alarming fact, according to Buerhaus (2008): â€Å" Of the estimated 2.24 million RNs in the nursing workforce in 2006, 200,000 were men (8%)† (p. 2424). In order to alleviate the nursing shortage, nursing schools must allure men into the field by eliminating the feminization of the profession and appealing to a diverse demographic who choose to pursue a career in a fe male dominatedRead MoreGender Differences Between Associate And Baccalaureate Degree Levels1639 Words   |  7 Pages While the nursing field continues to flourish in today’s job market,it is also experiencing a massive shortage. Despite this alarming fact, according to Buerhaus (2008): â€Å" Of the estimated 2.24 million RNs in the nursing workforce in 2006, 200,000 were men (8%)† (p. 2424). In order to alleviate the nursing shortage, nursing schools must allure men into the field by eliminating the feminization of the profession and appealing to a diverse demographic who choose to pursue a career in a femaleRead MoreEssay about Nursing: Why Not Men?1084 Words   |  5 Pages(Poliafico). Nursing is a profession in the health care field that concentrates on the nurturing care of individuals. The United States currently lacks testosterone (the male hormone) in the nursing field. The subject is something many people have thought about at least once in their lives. Some may argue nursing is a career meant for a woman, while others may argue it is a non-gender specified career option. Either way, the world has come to accept the lack of men in nursing. The nursing professionRead MoreThe Male Minority Of Nursing Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesMinority in Nursing Jenny Nye Professor Hylton Introduction to Professional Nursing 9/29/16 Abstract Nursing is a predominantly female ruled field. Up until modern time, male nurses were practically unheard of and frowned upon. Even presently there is a stigma that comes with being a man who is a nurse. This paper was written with the intention of bringing attention to the minority that males are in the field of nursing and show that while career fields are becoming more gender neutral, thereRead More Why Are There So Few Men In Nursing? Essays1307 Words   |  6 Pagesin 2006 ¬. Similar to many traditionally female professions, the percentage of male in nursing is small. In fact, male nurses only comprised eight percent of RN’s in 2008. Although much effort has been made to recruit more men into nursing, many contributing factors have driven them away from this profession. Those factors include poor nursing image, negative public perception, low economic status, and gender stereotypes. One of the most significant factors that deter men from entering the professionRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Discrimination1303 Words   |  6 Pagesfor their families. It wasn’t until Florence Nightingale revolutionized the field of nursing by affirming the natural feminine qualities of care, nurture and gentle. The U.S. is experiencing a slow but steady increase of men within the nursing profession (Evans, 1997); however, integrating masculine and feminine roles still poses a big problem. Male nurses consist 9.6% of the nursing population, precipitating gender inequity (MacWilliams, Schmidt, Bleich, 2013; U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Unfortunately

How A City Teenager Good - 1692 Words

1 is â€Å"Footloose†. This movie is an upbeat, pop, classic musical Good 2 released in 1984. This movies soundtrack reached the number Good 3 chart on April 21, 1984. It stayed number one until June 30, Good 4 until June 30, 1984. This movie is about how a city teenager Good 5 Taylor-Corbett. She is a director, chorographer, composer, Good 6 chorographer, composer, and lyricist. She was born in Good 7 born in Denver, Colorado and works in film and theatre (most Good 8 (most notably, creating the choreography for the 1984 dance Good 9 â€Å"Footloose†). Corbett also choreographs for some dance Good 10 dance companies, both modern and ballet, and is the principal Good 11 Carolina Ballet. She choreographed the dance â€Å"Great Galloping Good†¦show more content†¦He is an American Good 24 as a guitarist. He is known for soft rock music beginning Good 25 in the 1970s, and later was known for writing and performing Good 26 in the 1980s. Thomas Righter Snow was born in 1947 in Good 27 in Princeton, New Jersey and is an American songwriter. Good 28 American songwriter. James Richard Jim Steinman was born on Good 29 on November 1, in New York City, NY. He is an American Good 30 American composer, lyricist, and Grammy Award-winning record Good 31 many hit songs. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist Good 32 as an arranger, pianist and singer. The composers worked Good 33 released on March 23, 1984 (Sweden). The movie was directed by Good 34 Herbert Ross. This movie was based off of a true story Good 35 in Elmore City. Although there were some creative liberties Good 36 with the movie, it is based on the real life fight between Good 37 where they lived. Dancing wasn’t allowed in the city of Elmore. Good 38 city of Elmore. The class of 1980 at Elmore City High School Good 39 on the matter. The students won with a vote of 3 to 2 in Good 40 rebellious spirit. It’s a classic tale of a teenage rebellion Good 41 and repression, which features a pleasant combination of Good 42 performances. Footloose† is set in a small, Middle Western Good 43 set in a small, Middle Western religious town where bopping Good 44 strictly forbidden. Into this slightly isolated climate comes Good 45 punk haircut. Although Ren tries

Cross Cultural HR Practices-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Choose any HR Practices and Explain how Cultural Differences may have an Impact. Answer: Introduction This paper analyses the critical role of Human Resource Manager, it discusses about the changing needs of culture worldwide. It is presumed that culture is the backbone of a nation, the business houses who caters their needs well didnt face any difficulty in their working operation. As the company grows, the goal of becoming an International sets their pathways to growth and opportunities. The workforce working in these corporate having different backgrounds and cultural values, to manage that workforce, human resource plays a key role in managing all these. Different practices used to operate and handle the employees of the organization because of the cultural difference. Great care and special attention given while preparing the Human Resource policies resource management. Various compliances require the need of structured HRM policies for the handling of different attitude, beliefs and mindset. Cross cultural Hr practices Managing Human Resource is a complex phenomenon as different people come from different backgrounds, their thoughts are different, their beliefs are varied in nature.According to Laurent (1986) a comparative analysis across national culture brings the startling evidence that there is no such thing as Management with a capital M.Human resource plays a significant role in the management of the workforce and to make them utilize their maximum potential to get the maximum from them. In the present scenario the HR domain getting bigger and gaining its importance in the corporate world. Human Resource plays a significant role in managing the workforce and all their operations, whether it is being related to their salary part or their health issues. Taking the examples of two HR practices to make the discussion more compatible: Recruitment and selection Performance appraisal Recruitment Selection According to Budhwar et.al. (2012), recruitment and selection are the most crucial task for a business nowadays, the companies are now facing the problem of attrition, the question is why this is been happening, there are various elements to support this context but the basic one is the cultural differences, people came from different background, having different set of knowledge, thoughts, ideas, beliefs and their mindset. These factors are the most critical things to manage, recruitment and selection has been done with wider set of HR practices by keeping the basic requirement of the organization ,but to satisfy the need of organization compromises the candidates potential and hence may lead to labor turnover, which is the most concerning issue in the business environment. When IKEA were recruiting their candidates they faced the problem of language, where candidates failed to translate the world Humbleness Wittgenstein said if a lion could speak, we would not understand what it had to say to us,this is hard to find the right candidate for the job because in present day the mark of stability arises and while obtaining the reasons, the findings are the differences in culture which leads to internal conflicts between the employees. There are multiple ways for betterment in recruitment across the culture, such as organizing the training program, seminars and mixed session of employees which makes them understanding each other their cultural diversity. Recruitment is increasingly a worldwide activity so to make the decisions by having more realistic approach helps a lot. Occupational Health and Safety According to Brewster Mayrhofer (2012), health and safety are the most emerging factors in the present business environment, the employees are now more concerned toward their health and safety before joining any organization. The labor intensive industry facing this issue as a challenge, the organization had to provide health claim benefits to their employees beforehand. This need had been arise due to the dealing in hazardous environment which cause any kind of injury, due to the involvement of various technological advancement the hand work is being totally furnished and machinery taken the replacement. According Liu et.al. (2016) Occupational Health safety differs from culture to culture, the need and requirement of the employees varies from person to person due to having different cultural backgrounds, different set of attitudes, beliefs and perception. The occupation now, completed with the parameter health and safety. The organization provides adequate safeguards to their employees, ensuring their interests could not be harmed and hence to get maximum from them. According to Boehmt et.al. (2014), the Human Resource management is working in the sphere of protecting the employees of the organization, several policies laid down to preserve their interests the organizations are becoming leading giants by working for the welfare of their employees. The companies providing various beneficial policies such as accidental policies, injury coverage, health insurance and a lot more with different names. However the employees sometimes, find difficult to cope up with the policies due to the different cultural background, their mindset are different, their requirements are different, that will cause attrition and labor turnover in the future. The recruiters, across the globe facing the issue of cultural differences. International Human Resource Practices According to Ash et.al. (2013), there are several theories in International Human Practices given by the top notch organizations across the globe ,however the working style of each organization differ from culture to culture where it is operating. Human resource is a much wider term which work on different theories and practices, and each of these policies requires a great amount of revision before implementing in an organization. In present day the competition is among the nations the organization level of competition has been raised up to international level that requires that quality level which is totally unbeatable, higher competencies is required by the workforce. According to Absar, M. M. N. (2012), generally the multinational corporation adopts the same policies for their workforce worldwide that requires the standardization and a monitored structure which does not harm the interests of employees. Also in these MNCs to safeguard their interests there is a separate department called EMPLOYEE CARE, working for them. According to Caligiuri (2014) Other than MNCs the other organization also making the environment soothing for their employees to combat with the challenge of cultural differences. The Human Resource practices across the globe framing their policies by keeping the cultural background of a nation if it is, a MNC or else it is a national one than it focuses on the local or social requirement of the employees to cope up with the issue of cultural differences. Some of the international Human Resource Practices are, International Staffing, Performance management in international assignment, pre departure training in international assignment, Repatriation, Compensation issues in international assignment According to Taylor (2014), the issue of cultural differences as well as workforce differences in the operations of the organization has caught the attention of HR managers, as the world is narrowing its boundaries the viability to work in a cross cultural environment becomes the most valuable asset for any executive. Now there is work diversity in the organization, as the economies are developing, the business houses are also expanding and so are the various challenges. The study of culture is a lot more require than ever before, and to manage them precisely. The internationalization of the businesses directly reflects its blooming productivity and that is only possible with the quality workforce. According to Conway et.al. (2016), due to the direct impact on the economy, there is a need of sound HR practices, which understand the employees well and their culture. Globalization, HR is the global center of this change, involving in both acquiring and deploying the talents. Conclusion From this paper, it has been concluded that the, HR practices differentiates from culture to culture. These practices depends upon the situatons and the working environment of different culture. These Today HR is the more diversified sector than ever which includes recruiting, staffing, training, and different appraisal program to appreciate their talent and to make them better utilize their potential, understanding of employee culture References Absar, M. M. N. (2012). Recruitment selection practices in manufacturing firms in Bangladesh.Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 436-449. Ash, R., Hodge, P., Connell, P. (2013). The recruitment and selection of principals who increase student learning.Education,134(1), 94-100. Boehm, S. A., Kunze, F., Bruch, H. (2014). Spotlight on age?diversity climate: The impact of age?inclusive HR practices on firm?level outcomes.Personnel Psychology,67 (3), 667-704. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Caligiuri, P. (2014). Many moving parts: Factors influencing the effectiveness of HRM practices designed to improve knowledge transfer within MNCs.Journal of International Business Studies,45(1), 63-72. Conway, E., Fu, N., Monks, K., Alfes, K., Bailey, C. (2016). Demands or resources? The relationship between HR practices, employee engagement, and emotional exhaustion within a hybrid model of employment relations.Human Resource Management,55(5), 901-917. Liu, Y., Woywode, M. (2013). Light?Touch Integration of Chinese Cross?Border MA: The In?uences of Culture and Absorptive Capacity.Thunderbird International Business Review,55 (4), 469-483. Taylor, S. (2014). Recruitment and selection.Strategic Human Resource Management: An International Perspective,10(6), 139-14.

Freuds Theories on Personality free essay sample

Sigmund Freud developed psychodynamic theories on personality. He believed that there are three elements to our personality. The first is the ID, the second is the ego, and the third is the superego. He believed that each element keeps the others in check; therefore if all elements are well balanced the person had a healthy personality. Freud also developed a theory in which he believed our subconscious developed defense mechanisms to help us cope with anxiety and conflict. Finally, and quite possibly the most controversial and most known of his theories, he developed what he called the ‘psychosexual stages’. According to Sean McLeod, Freud believed life was composed of either pleasure or tension, and that tension was just built up sexual energy and pleasure was the only way to release the tension. (McLeod, 2008) As you can imagine, his theories were not widely accepted and are still hot topics of debate amongst psychoanalysts today. Freud believed the only element of our personality that is present at birth is the ID. He believed it to be the unconscious and included all of our natural and primitive instincts, or survival instincts. Freud was convinced that the ID is ruled by the pleasure principle. McLeod’s impression of the pleasure principle is that when the id doesn’t receive the gratification it seeks it begins to experience unpleasure. (McLeod, 2008) For instance, when an infant is hungry it will cry until it is fed. Being fed is part of the ID because it is a survival instinct and when that need is fulfilled it provides pleasure in a feeling of being full or satisfied. If the infant is not fed he/she goes into a sort of panic and experiences the unpleasure feeling. Freud also believed this was where the vast majority of libido energy was stored. The ID could be considered the devil on one’s shoulder, encouraging them to do whatever it takes to achieve pleasure. Regardless of the risk or complications, it wants what it wants and when it wants it. In comparison to the ID, the second element, the ego, is more realistic and down to earth. It uses logic and reason to help control the behavior of the ID. According to Freud, the ego is both conscious and unconscious. It is driven by the same instincts as the ID but uses common sense and reasoning to try to achieve the goal. McLeod points out that Freud mentions a comparison of the ID being a horse and the ego is the rider. This comparison makes perfect sense. (McLeod, 2008) Both the ID and ego share the same goal, as in a horse a rider attempting to reach a location, but they serve different functions in obtaining it. The id is perhaps the wild side to the calmer ego. It is the egos job to meet the needs of the id, while taking into consideration the reality and logic. The final element for the structure of one’s personality is the superego. The superego could be considered our conscious. It has developed morals and learned its idea of right from wrong, usually with guidance from the child’s mentors and role models. If the ID is the horse and the ego is the rider, then then superego is like a map to guide it. It has a clearer understanding of what is acceptable in society. The superego is what provides us with feelings of pride or guilt. Just like the ego, it shares the same goals as the ID. Its primary function is to keep the ego in check and ensure that actions are socially acceptable. Even though the ID is logical, it cannot necessarily decide what is acceptable in society. The ID throws a fit and wants something, the ego determines a way to get it because it knows that a fit won’t get the job done, and the superego comes along and perfects the plan by making it normal to society so that it does not cause embarrassment. Where the ID can be thought of as the devil on one’s shoulder, the superego balances it by being the angel on their shoulder. When the ego cannot satisfy the needs of both the ID and the superego it can become overwhelmed. When this happens the ego uses a defense mechanism to help ward off the unpleasant feelings. There are several different defense mechanisms that can be used. Each helps the ego and/or the person avoid anxiety in a stressful situation. The defense mechanisms job description is to protect from the reality of the stressful situation. One example of a defense mechanism would be repression. Repression allows the ego to ignore and block distressing thoughts and feelings from becoming conscious. Repression ultimately pushes the thoughts out of the conscious mind. A person might use repression to block the memory of their mother’s funeral to avoid the feelings of grief and hurt. Another defense mechanism used by the ego is denial. Denial, unlike repression does not block the thought or feeling; rather it refuses to acknowledge its presence. The most common examples of denial would be a person in an abusive relationship. No matter how many bruises or broken bones they end up with, they will deny that there is a problem. Denial is often used by addicts. Almost everyone can recognize the statement ‘the first step is admitting you have a problem’. Rationalization is another ego defense form. When a person rationalizes something they make up a reasonable explanation for the threatening behavior. An example of rationalization would be when a person thinks that it is okay for them to cheat on a test one time because they have never done it before. Projection, displacement, regression and identification are additional examples of defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are very healthy for a person’s psyche as long as they are not abused. A person using denial to avoid confronting the fact they have an alcohol addiction would be an example of abusing a defense mechanism. Freud proposed a theory that a child’s personality develops in five stages. He called these stages psychosexual stages. Each stage represented a different sexual energy and was focused on certain areas of the body. Each stage also presented a challenge to the child. It was Freud’s belief that, starting from birth, sexual energy would start to accumulate and need to be released. Once the energy was released the person could then go on to the next stage. The first stage in Freud’s theory is the oral stage. This stage starts from birth and lasts until about one year old. Just as it sounds, everything in this stage is focused on the mouth. An infant’s primary focus for his or her first year is their mouth. They eat and generally form a habit of sucking on a thumb or some other object. Both the eating and the thumb sucking are pleasure releases for an infant. They draw a comfort from the actions. To bring back Freud’s ideas of the ID, when the infant is hungry he or she uses their mouth to cry and make noise so that they can achieve the pleasure they seek. Freud argued that if a person were to get stuck in this phase he would have an oral fixation. (McLeod, 2008) Examples of oral fixations include smoking, overeating, or anything in general that they use their mouth for, particularly in stressful situations. Stage two in Freud’s theory is the anal stage. This stage starts at around one and can last until about the age of three. This stage focuses on toilet training. Freud believed that the manner in which a child is toilet trained directly relates to his manners with authority. (McLeod, 2008) It was his belief that if a child’s parents set the expectations to high or too soon the child was likely to become anal-retentive. Anal-retentive is when everything is held in. These people like cleanliness and order. On the opposite end of that spectrum is anal-expulsive. Anal-expulsive personalities are often rebellious and disorganized. Dino Felluga interpreted this stage as one in which the child is pleased because after defecation he or she feels they have made something of their own. (Felluga, 2011) Obviously the child would have to have approval and praise from his or her parents and that would bring about a sense of gratification and pride. Between the ages of three and six children go through what Freud called the phallic stage. This has been believed to be the most important stage in the personality development theory. The genitals become the obsession in this stage. This is also the stage of gender identity discovery. He called this the Oedipus Complex. During this time the child will desire the parent of the opposite sex. In his own interpretation of the Oedipus Complex, James Phelan thought the boys would often fabricate a jealous rivalry with their father and then at some point they begin to fear that their father will discover their jealousy and render a punishment. (Phelan, 2005) The most tragic consequence a young boy can think of is his penis being taken away. Freud referred to this as â€Å"castration anxiety†. Once this fear is realized the little boy will start to connect with his father more than his mother. It was during this time he believed the most influential bonding could take place between a father and son. (Phalen, 2005) Freud was convinced that once a little girl realized she didn’t have penis she would begin to feel inferior to her father. Ultimately she faulted her mother for this and focused her attention and love onto her father. Freud referred to this concept as â€Å"penis envy†. There was concern if a person did not overcome the Oedipus Complex. In order to concur the challenge in this stage the child must concur the trust issues with the opposite sex parent. If this did not happen, as in previous stages, the child would get fixated in this stage. The direct reaction for this is trouble in relationships. Phalen thought that the males would not be intimate. In his research he also mention’s Freud’s belief that this is where homosexuality develops. (Phalen, 2005) Freud’s theories on if a female were to get stuck in this stage are weak at best. As the evidence shows, Freud did not have a good handle on females and how they developed. He assumed that if a female did get fixated in the Oedipus Complex stage it was because she was deeply ashamed and rather than face her father she gravitated towards the female sex. (Phalen, 2005). The next stage in the psychosexual stages is the latency stage, occurring between the ages of about 6 to puberty. This is the stage for learning. The sexual needs expressed in the previous stages are repressed and the child begins to focus on the reality principle. As previously discussed, the reality principle is important for the function of the ego and superego. It is during this time that a child can behave like a child. They focus on playing with children their age and enjoy learning new concepts. Usually they develop a sense of independence while at the same time learning to love and care for others. (Felluga, 2011) In general it is a calm and creative stage. The final stage in Freud’s theory is the genital stage. Simply put, this is the young adult. The libido comes back and in full gear and the goal is to find a sex object. John Garcia interpreted this stage as the stage in which the child becomes an adult and begins to seek out ways to channel his sexual energy in meaningful ways. (Garcia, 1995, p. 2). The primary focus is still the libido and that means they are on the hunt for a satisfactory partner of the opposite gender. The difference between this stage and earlier stages is that the energy is now focused on the opposite sex rather than selfish pleasure. (McLeod, 2008) In retrospect, Freud’s theories may have been too bizarre for general audience acceptance. Regardless of the sanity of his ideas, Brian Rock Peter Fonagy thought Freud to be an intellectual genius. (Rock Fonagy, 2006) Amongst other things Freud also developed theories on memory and dream interpretation. His ideas laid the groundwork for several other psychoanalysts to begin theirs. The remarkable thing about his theories is that they all played a role on each other and intertwined. The id, ego and superego play imperative parts in each of the psychosexual stages. It is clear that his basis of theory wrapped around sexual energy, or the libido. As Rock Fonagy mentioned, Freud’s ideas will be and have been helpful in exploring ourselves and are irreplaceable.

Reincarnation Essays (1704 words) - Religion, Philosophy, Belief

Reincarnation Do human beings live only once, or are we granted the opportunity to return after death and experience many different lives? The question of reincarnation has been examined for thousands of years and has been embraced in various degrees by numerous religions. Scientists speculate that even the people who lived during the New Stone Age (10,000B.C.E - 5,000B.C.E.) believed that once a person died, their journey had not yet concluded (Christie-Murray p.16). Because ideas about a society that lived so long ago are frequently not concrete and can be difficult for present day culture to grasp, many scholars point towards Hinduism as being one of the earliest religions to offer explanations of reincarnation. Hinduism, originating sometime during the fourth millennium BCE is the most ancient of the surviving great religions (Christie-Murray p.30). The adoption of the belief of rebirth can be found in Hindu scriptures dating around 600 BCE As time progressed, suggestions of reincarnation began to be found in Buddhism, Taoism, Judaism, and Christianity. While this is certainly not a complete list, or a statement that each of these religions embraces and in turn teaches the theory of rebirth, it does shed light to the fact that among very diverse beliefs and lifestyles there is a great desire to know what happens after death. In addition to the search about what transpires posthumously, many people see reincarnation as an explanation for many of the great questions about life. Such as, why is there suffering in the world? is there a meaning to life? how can child prodigies be explained? and are memories about past lives valid? Following is a discussion of how the theory of rebirth can answer some of life's most difficult questions and provide supportive evidence collected throughout the years for Western minds who find the idea of multiple lives difficult to grasp. Religion in the Western region of the world is predominately Christian. Among the people practicing Christianity, the idea that God is omnipotent is very prevalent. However, the idea of the all-powerful God brings up and interesting dilemma. If God is responsible for all that happens in the universe, why is there widespread suffering? Is this God an unsympathetic God and does he feel the need to punish some people? Many people cannot accept the idea that the center of their worship would have cruel tendencies. Therefore, many are of the belief that God is a loving and kind God. But if God controls the universe with a loving hand, why have there been floods, deadly famines, children born into poverty or deformed, and why do some people seem to live such difficult lives? There are no clear answers to any of these questions. However, reincarnation suggests the idea that there is in fact justice in the world. "Ancient wisdom teaches that divine justice does rule the world and that there is a meaning and purpose behind human life. Despite the appearance of injustice, perfect justice is in fact insured to every human being by the operation of a compensatory law, the law of cause and effect known in the East as Karma" (Hodson, p.5). The Law of Karma is the law of causality extended in the world of human action. More simply stated, every human action, mental, emotional or physical, produces and exactly appropriate reaction. However, the reaction may not be received in during the current life (Hodson, p.56). Therefore, suffering is an expression of past deeds and a entrance to pending life experiences and is not a result of God's hatred or indifference, but rather a definite universal law. Reincarnation offers the hope for a better future because it suggests that with each "life" we gain more knowledge and are more prepared for the next life. If suffering is an unavoidable part of life, many people can't help but ask is life worth living? Is there a purpose to human existence if it can be extremely painful or just end suddenly? In broad terms, it can be said that the purpose of life is the evolution of the human soul (Hodson). The process of growth through physical experience continues until death and is continuous throughout different bodies. The time and how the death occurs is governed by the Law of Cause and Effect. The final stage of the cycle occurs when the soul is free from desire and is perfectly happy with life and everything that has been experienced. At the end of the journey, "the [soul] is reabsorbed into the higher self from whence it came" (Hodson p.53).This is often

Research Essay Topics - Use These Tips to Avoid the Most Common Research Essay Mistakes

Research Essay Topics - Use These Tips to Avoid the Most Common Research Essay MistakesResearch essay topics are the basis of your final essay. They provide the initial focus of your paper and can make or break it. As such, they must be well planned and well researched in order to avoid your essay from looking unfocused. The two most common mistake made by students who do not plan their research topic well is choosing the wrong topic and not including all relevant material in the essay.Research essay topics should be selected carefully and according to the topic of the book you will be using as a basis for your essay. For example, if your topic is on tropical fish, then choose a topic on tropical fish. If your topic is on coffee, then choose a topic on coffee.If you choose the wrong topic, you may end up with a poorly written essay. One of the best ways to avoid this is to choose a topic that you really want to write an essay about. Then you will have a topic that you know about and therefore, you won't be afraid to include a lot of information about it. This will go a long way towards making your research essay very interesting and informative.The second reason for choosing research essay topics carefully is that you don't want to find yourself bogged down in research. Even if the topic you select is interesting, you still need to write an interesting essay in order to achieve success. So, don't forget that it's all about writing and take the time to think about your topic carefully. You may also want to consider the topic of the other essays you plan to write with the same topic in mind.The third reason for carefully selecting your topic is that this is an important part of your essay. Your research paper will be the foundation for your final essay. If your topic doesn't get enough attention, then you will struggle to write an effective research paper.A research essay, however, is not just about learning facts. It is also about establishing the central thesis of your research paper. Therefore, you need to pick a topic that supports your central argument.The best research topics are those that stand out from the rest because they clearly support the subject's viewpoint. While the essay may be more exciting than usual if you have chosen the wrong topic, it will also be more successful if you choose a good topic.If you want to be successful with your research essay, then be sure to keep these three things in mind. Then you will be sure to write an engaging research paper that you can be proud of.

Lord of the Flies2 essays

Lord of the Flies2 essays Lord of the Flies, is the story of a group of boys of different backgrounds who are stranded on an unknown island when their plane crashes. As the boys try to formulate a plan to get rescued, they begin to separate, and a band of savage tribal hunters are formed. Eventually the boys almost entirely shake off the civilization of the world they once knew. When all the confusion of behaviour leads them to a manhunt the reader realizes the sudden decay of law and order and loss of civilization when adults aren`t among them. Which also brings out the underlying savage side existent in all humans. In Lord of the Flies, there were numerous themes that were portrayed throughout the novel. The Need for Civilisation, is the most obvious theme. Our beliefs were always lead to believe that man is innocent and that our society is evil. But what the statement is hiding from our peers is that without laws, rules, and order, our world would revert to a more primitive part of his nature. Which of course is a more darker and cruel place to live our lives. "There aren`t any grown-ups. We shall have to look after ourselves."1 The Innocence and the Loss of It is the existence of civilization that allows man to remain in captivity with his innocence or ignorance about his true nature. Although man needs civilization, it is also important that he be aware of his primal instincts. As William Golding the author of Lord of the Flies stated, "This loss of innocence by coming to terms with reality is necessary if humanity is to survive" Which is, to reach true maturity you must first realizes the reality of our world today, as it is not the same as it was many years ago. "I`m not going to be part of Ralph`s lot He looked along the right-hand logs, numbering the hunters that had been a choir. I`m going off by myself. He can catch his own pigs. Anyone who wants to hunt when I do can come too. He blu ...

Bloom Research and Response Paper

Larkin and Burton’s abstract preface the Joint Commission’s directive for effective communication among caregivers during handoff to ensure patient safety (Larkin Burton, 2008, p. 360). The case study reviews the lack of handoff practice and its effect on continuum of care provided to â€Å"Ms. C, a 64-year-old woman, presented to the ambulatory surgery center for an open cholecystectomy† (p. 390), and the subsequent workshop utilizing Bloom’s Taxonomy of Education Objectives to educate and change clinical practice among the staff members. From this reader’s vantage Ms. C’s respiratory de-compensation was a result of the nurses’ failure to communicate patients medical history and critical findings during unit-to-unit transfer and shift report, inadequate nurse to patient ratio along with incomplete charting, failure to recognize early signs and symptoms of respiratory compromise, and lack of critical thinking skills. Evidenced by the case study’s assertions, Ms. C required oxygen in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) but was transferred without it. Second, the PACU nurse did not communicate to the patient’s need for oxygen to the receiving nurse during handoff report. It is unclear if the surgeon wrote vital sign parameters and pulmonary toilet orders, or if there were standard protocols for this post operative unit. Ms. C’s incomplete graphic record indicate she was placed on four liters of oxygen within two hours of her arrival to the unit at 1630; however, fail to adequately trend abnormal vital signs such as low grade temperature and tachycardia (Larkin Burton, 2008, p. 392). The record does not document any nurse-initiated interventions or call to the doctor requesting a chest x-ray or recommending a respiratory therapy consult for breathing treatment and incentive spirometer. On post-op day two Ms. C’s respiratory status declined requiring a non-rebreather mask, rapid response team consult, and a transfer to the intensive care unit for a diagnosis of respiratory distress (p. 392). There were multiply factors that contributed to the above scenario; Larkin and Burton writes that â€Å"after this near-miss, failure to rescue incident† (p. 94) a task force consisting of management, clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and unit educator convened to discuss the event. The task force concluded that the nursing staff members were ineffectual in critically evaluating the patient’s signs and symptoms. The CNS chose a framework that utilized â€Å"Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives†, that provided measurable outcomes to the ed ucational activity and enabled the nursing team to optimize their critical skill levels. A workshop to assist staff to navigate through the case study in a realistic manner was implemented (Larkin Burton, 2008, p. 95). The cognitive domain contains six intellectual skills that measure: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of information received. The affective domain contains five emotional factors: receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, also conceptualizing and characterizing by value concept. It is during this phase that individual buy-in occurs or not. Finally, the psychomotor domain contains five motor skills functions of imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and naturalization. The individual learn to adapt his or her movements intuitively to a given situation (Larkin Burton, 2008, p. 395). The key component of continued nursing education is to advance and apply evidenced based practice at the bedside. The use of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives as the framework promote the transfer of evidence based information, in a setting that allow the nurse educators to evaluate and measure the learner’s: cognitive, affective and psychomotor processes. It allows the learner (nurse) to assess his or her level of application within each domain. Both the educator and the nurse can reinforce successes and target learning opportunities to areas of inefficiency. References Blais, K. K. , Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspective (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Bouchard, G. J. (2011, November). In Full Bloom: Helping Students Grow Using the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. The Journal of Physican Assistance Education, 22(4), 44-46. Larkin, B. G. , Burton, K. J. (2008, September). Evaluating a Case Study Using Blooms Taxonomy of Education. AORN, 88(3), 390-402.

Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Stress - Essay Example After the re-structuring there is no real motivation to inspire the employees because they fear that they could lose their jobs just like their past colleagues.   Part of the stress suffered by the employees has to do with the rapid transformation that the company has undertaken. This may be unavoidable because the company either has a limited budget or must make the transition by a deadline. This extra work load has required every employee to contribute more to the organization as a whole. Although not a perfect option, one method could be to give a raise to employees who choose to work longer hours. If finances are out of the question, then the company could introduce more work breaks so that employees do not feel tired as much. Another cause of stress can often be job security. The only way to remedy this is to make sure that every employee has a defined set of work responsibilities and no one else is trying to take over their job. Finally, the last cause of stress can be insufficient skills for the job. If an employee is unsure about how to complete their job tasks, then they will likely stress over it. This can be prevented by encouragin g open communication channels between employees and management and transfer employees who do not feel that they are capable of performing their job. Other co-workers can be located or new staff can be hired to help fill the

The economics of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The economics of Crime - Essay Example There are two aspects to consider when undertaking a study of the death penalty. The first aspect is whether or not the penalty is effective as a crime preventative measure. The second is whether or not the effectiveness of the prevention, no matter how effective it may or may not be, is worth the immorality of the taking of another’s life. The question relates to whether or not the right of the state to forfeit a life falls within the expectation of moral and ethical behavior that the worldwide community believes is fair and just. In considering the final nature of the death penalty and the lack of truly effective prevention from the threat of the death penalty, the forfeiture of life by the state does not seem to have merit. World wide opinion on the use of the death penalty as an effective tool for the prevention of crime has been diminished over the last two decades. According to Amnesty International (2010), two-thirds of the countries of the world do not have the death penalty and of the 58 remaining countries, most do not use the death penalty although they have it as an option. The United States, an economic and social leader in the world, still uses the death penalty as a punishment for crime. According to the American website Death Penalty Information Center (2010), 2009 saw 52 executions, all but one of which was done through lethal injection. Larry Bill Elliot was executed in the state of Virginia through the use of an electric chair. It has only been in recent history within the United States that the death penalty for juveniles was abolished. A sum total of 228 juvenile offenders were sentenced for life ending measures between the years of 1973 and 2004 with 22 of those ending in executions and 134 received commuted sentences (Lawrence & Hemmens, 2008, p. 34). A United States Supreme Court decision in the case of Roper v Simmons abolished the

Sitting on your Hands as an Alternative to Money :: essays papers

Sitting on your Hands as an Alternative to Money The old adage money can’t buy happiness apparently was never learned in the small town of Dilley, Oregon. Jonathan Hawes is a convicted sex offender who was released into society after serving a five-year prison sentence. Upon his release from prison he planned to move into his mother Wendy Brewton’s house in Dilley, Oregon. Under Megan’s Law, police are required to notify neighbors when a convicted sex offender is classified as predatory. Before Hawes was classified, Ms. Brewton’s daughter alerted neighbors of Hawes’ imminent arrival. This upset the small community of 300 to 400 people. Suddenly, neighbors began researching the use of deadly force and the effect of watchdogs. The town called a meeting to discuss the situation with Ms. Brewton. The meeting became quite heated and at one point a resident threatened Hawes life. The meeting left it clear to Ms. Brewton that Hawes was not wanted in her house, which was located a mere 200 feet from a school bus stop. To resolve the conflict, at least three families pooled their money together and paid $250,000 to buy Ms. Brewton’s house. The families arrived at the dollar amount by taking the average of two state-approved appraisals on the twenty-seven acre land and house. The neighbors put $50,000 down and took out a mortgage on the remainder to insure that a convicted sex offender is not among them. Bilateral Problem: When analyzed from an economic perspective, it is clear that the problem of what to do to prevent Hawes from moving in is reciprocal. According to Coase, the traditional question would be if Hawes inflicts harm on the residents of Dilley how should Hawes be restrained. The real question is who should be allowed to harm whom to avoid the more serious harm. To analyze which harm is greater, both sides must be taken into account. The neighbors are attempting to avoid the potential harm to their neighborhood. With Hawes arrival, they are on heightened alert for their children’s safety. This constant fear brings down the property values in the neighborhood because of its undesirable nature. Hawes is also harmed by not being able to move into familiar surroundings that he has a legal right to move into. In the end, the neighbors decided that the harm was great enough to warrant paying Ms.

The Rapid Growth and Development of South Korea

The rapid growth and development in the newly industrialising economies (NIE†s) in recent decades has been nothing short of spectacular. Now among the world†s most dynamic industrialised economies, the NIE†s of Singapore, Taiwan Hong Kong, and South Korea which will be the focus, stand as perhaps the best examples of successful economic development. The economic development of South Korea, which has been among the most rapid in the world is typical of the ‘miracle† that is the NIEs. Korea has come far since the days it was ‘a nation of hungry rice farmers†, by pursuing an industrialisation-led development commitment since 1961, which has since produced annual GDP growth of 8.4% per annum, second only to China. The success of South Korea, has been identified by a number of factors including the shift away from import substitution strategies towards export orientated industrialisation, and the effective managing of the economy and authoritarian rule adopted by the government in order to accelerate the pace of capital accumulation, technical progress and structural change to produce economic growth beyond what could possibly occur in a free market economy. NIEs, South Korea, are now recognised as ‘export machines† boasting some of the highest trade/GDP ratios in the world. International economic relations began in 1964 with the recognition of these limitation of the domestic market and the ineffectiveness of pursuing substitution industrialisation strategies. As part of its new strategy for export expansion the South Korean government introduced new measures which included the devaluation of the won, which improved the competitiveness of its exports and introduced incentives designed to channel resources into export-orientated industries. Exporters were also supported by direct cash payments, permission to retain foreign exchange earnings for the purchase of imports, and the exemption from virtually all import controls and tariffs. The government in consultation with firms, set up export targets for industries as well as individual firms. These targets appeared to have influenced firm behaviour and supporting this claim was from between 1961 and 1973 the volume of exports increased at an annual rate of 35% and today continues to consistently rank in the top twenty trading nations. Over the last 30 years the share of manufactures in total exports has increased from 12% to 95%. Furthermore the manufactures exported have themselves changed with more advanced products, led by electronics dominating the list of major exports and hence the importance of the Samsung and Lucky Goldstar to the Korean economy. The direction of trade has also changed somewhat, where South Korean exports went largely to the USA and imports came from Japan, Asian countries excluding Japan are now South Korea†s major trading partners. The importance of China is also becoming of increasing significance. South Korea†s economic success as noted can also be contributed to the high levels of savings and investment. South Korean†s save about 35% of GNP and thus sustainable economic growth has been driven by capital stock accumulation and expanded productive capacity. Indeed some figures show up to 60% of economic expansion in South Korea is a result of capital accumulation and increase infrastructure. Undoubtedly one of the most important rationalisations for economic success is effective government intervention. Selective government intervention has promoted the development of new industries, many of which have become internationally competitive and also supported and advanced the growth of the private sector. The main aim of the government in South Korea has been to ensure that the behaviour of individual business accorded with the long term interest of the business class as a whole, and while applying authoritarian rule recognising when it was time to allow the market to operate on its own. Apart from the macroeconomic management, government in the NIEs have also sought to accelerate the pace of capital accumulation, technical progress and structural change beyond what would have resulted from â€Å"laissez-faire.† All NIEs pursued trade policies, supporting industrial deepening and the development of national firms with selective incentives to promote exports. In South Korea for example, the government gave Chaebols preferential access to bank loans, relying on them to develop heavy and chemical industries capable of competing internationally. Indeed four decades of industrial development in South Korea have been marked by what have been marked as ‘incestuous ties† between big business and government. In recent times government has been hostile to the conglomerates but the appointment of Mr Kim Suk Won to the ruling party has reopened an old wound over the role of big business and politics in South Korea. The role of the Chaebols in the Korean economy was a substantial reason for Korea†s success over the last 40 years. The Chaebols are the large multi-company family owned business entities which are both horizontally and vertically integrated. Examples include Samsung, Hyundai, Lucky Goldstar and Daewoo, which together account for over half the total output. The Chaebols have played a major role in the economic development of Korea. They were given preferential access to bank loans and were relied upon to develop the HCIs (as they had the resources and ability to compete in foreign markets). Indeed, the period of the HCIs drive marked the most rapid expansion of the Chaebols. The Chaebols engaged in fierce and even ruthless competition with one another on the many fronts of industry, with at least 4 or 5 competitors in each industry, which all contributed to the economic expansion of the economy. The government in South Korea, as well as other NIEs has supported a technology policy. By providing a favourable tax environment, government has indirectly encouraged business research and development expenditure. The Korean government for example grants a tax credit equal to 10% of capital expenditures. Current policies are aimed at achieving a 5% share of research and development expenditure in total GNP by 2001. The government has also aided fundamental technological development in advanced materials, advanced vehicle technology, bio materials and nuclear reactors. The role of the government in South Korea was also to provide these financial incentives to promote the development of particular industries. Interest Rates for example were kept generally low and stable in order to reduce the cost of investment. Designated industries received priority in allocation of bank credit, state investment funds and foreign exchange, The government in South Korea deliberately distorted prices and incentives as to improve the market outcome and accelerate economic growth. The government in South Korea also actively pursued competition policies. This intervention works both ways. In other words competition policy restricted the competition or promoted competition policy in the areas depending on the circumstances. In South Korea the government granted exemptions to conglomerates from laws governing monopolistic practices. Competition policy has been married with industry policy. In this the role of government has been limited with government policy interacting with the competitive strategies of private firms. Governments in the NIEs have been remarkably stable. This has had obvious benefits on the economy. There is no standard formula for government in the NIEs and there are differences between them across nations. Singapore for example has a paternalistic government whilst Hong Kong is essentially â€Å"laissez-faire† Stability is the only real link between governments of the NIEs. As the South Korean economy reached a more mature stage of economic growth problems regarding the structural change in the economy began to surface. The agricultural sector in South Korea for example is now only a third of its original size. Most notably there has been a marked shift to the tertiary sector. There has been obvious problems and challenges resulting from this. Most notably rapid growth has brought about labour shortages in key sectors such as electronics, heavy machinery and shipbuilding. Such shortage of labour in which employers have noone to fill vacancies made by expanded productive capacity will threaten South Korea†s booming exports, which is seen as the vehicle for growth in South Korea. The problem is further compounded by an increasing reluctance among school leavers to ‘dirty their hands† in industry and the inability and unwillingness to attract foreign labour. After growth and development in South Korea for so long was driven by government intervention one of the most important challenges facing the matured economy was for the government to relinquish much of its influence over the economy and to allow market forces to operate effectively. If South Korea is to continue to growing as a truly advanced industrialised nation then obviously the market mechanism will have to be let to operate freely. This will take time and cause and also cause relative social unrest. As the South Korean economy has reached a mature stage, it has recognised the old regulatory environment that led to high levels of inputs especially in manufacturing sectors but low levels of productivity must change. In manufacturing, Korea has massively invested in the best available technology but because of protectionism and poor corporate governance in banks and companies, it was not forced to adopt the best managerial practices. As a result labour and capital productivity are in most manufacturing sectors less that 50% of US levels and thus must be one of the challenges for future success of the Korean economy. Other challenges that Korea has had to face, continues to face, and must overcome are the consistent current account deficits (CADs) and foreign debt which may put a constraint on South Korea†s future economic performance. South Korea†s economy relies heavily on high exports and thus is susceptible to global fluctuations. Secondly there is a pressing need in South Korea to use imports more efficiently. Furthermore, the greatest of the challenges Korea has had to face to date was the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. Up to this point in time many economists looked favorably upon the economic fundamentals of Korea. However, due to excess short term debt over the long term debts, excess debt over equity and the generating of wealth through asset price bubbles, which was clearly unsustainable, these vulnerabilities only required a small shock which was initiated by the devaluation of the Thai baht in July 1997. As an advanced economy, South Korea now needs far more than simply hard work and determination to succeed in this new century, Companies in South Korea need to keep ahead of the profound social, economic and political transition. It is the inherent need for human capital that drives much of South Korea†s business and government spending. Many would agree that a well educated workforce is paramount to future success. In the future, South Korea will need to reform its financial sector, remove the burden of excessive business regulation, provide a more favourable environment for foreign investment and restructure its economy away from declining manufacturing and agricultural industries towards services and sophisticated manufacturing. The prospects for continued economic growth hinge on the success of the aforementioned drivers for economic growth. Deregulating services in addition to lowering barriers to imports, allowing FDI (which can reduce the risks of future financial crisis in the medium and long term) and improving corporate governance would be the key to restoring strong growth in Korea. This reduction would come mainly because fair competition with best practice together with more careful bankers and demanding shareholders would force Korean manufacturers to improve their return their return on investments. In an increasingly globalised economy higher productivity in manufacturing and low import barriers would allow domestic competition to increase due to lower prices. Opening the domestic market would not lead to an increase in the trade deficit or external debt as higher capital productivity would reduce the need to import capital. In overall terms, prospects for South Korea†s economy are favourable, but the high rate of success from the growth performance in the 1980†³s will be difficult to replicate. The next phase of the Asian miracle that will involve China emerging as the world†s largest economy within 10 years and the re-emerging Japanese economy will provide substantial benefits for the Korean economy. Some important strengths of the economy include: a well educated and motivated workforce, a growing level of R&D, continued rates of high savings, greater regional trade links and potential for domestic growth through increased infrastructure investment, housing and personal consumption. In summation, South Korea is an economy which initially through selective government intervention and now through domestic and international reforms, sped to economic might. Although there are many challenges in the longer term making South Korea†s future uncertain, (including the reunification with the ailing, unstable North) the fact South Korea has come so far argues well for the future. If South Korea can make the necessary changes to its economy to become a sustained industrialised nation then it will certainly take its place as an economic leader in the near future.