The Differences Between Buddhism and Hinduism Essay

Both Buddhism and Hinduism are well known religions. They are two of the most popular polytheistic faiths in the world. Some people believe them to be sects of the same religion, but they are mistaken. Buddhism and Hinduism have some similarities, but many things set them apart from each other as well. They are each their own religion in many aspects. Buddhism and Hinduism come from the same region, India. Both of them are very focused on nature, the things around them, though they both believe in several hells and heavens, or higher and lower worlds. They both believe in karma which is the affect a person’s actions in this life will change his next life. Another point is that both religions focus on peace, and non violence towards all†¦show more content†¦Hindus believe in the four stages of life, but the Buddha do not share that believe. Whereas the Buddhists believe in the concept of Bodhisattvas, or the enlightened existence, but the Hindus do not. Buddhists must believe that the Buddha, Sangha, and Dhamma are the three most important requirements on the eightfold path, or the principal teachings of the Buddha. Hinduism has many different paths of self realization. Both religions believe in karma and reincarnation, but their terms and conditions vary, different in as many ways as they are similar. Buddhists hav e no priests or rituals like the Hindus do. Also, in the Buddhist religion, any follower than achieve Nirvana, but in the Hindu religion, only the Brahmins, or priests, could achieve moksha, the Hindu equivalent of Nirvana. Another large difference is that Buddhists do not believe in the Caste System, a main factor in Hinduism. This is one of their largest differences. Hinduism does not know their original creator, unlike most other religions; they’ve lost any information about their founder over the many years, whereas the Buddhists know their creator, Buddha. Buddhism is a much younger religion than Hinduism. The two religions are very much different. Both religions came from the same soil, in what is now known as India. TheyShow MoreRelatedSimilarities and Difference Between Hinduism and Buddhism. Essay2345 Words   |  10 PagesSimilarities and difference between Hinduism and Buddhism. Buddhism believes in the process of reincarnation based on deeds of the present life. Hinduism also believes that everyone is a part of an impersonal world and therefore, ones soul reincarnates into another body of any being, based on the deeds of the present life. One has to work for salvation oneself and therefore, cannot blame others for the same. The salvation depends on the good deeds of a person. In Hinduism also, one attains salvationRead MoreThe Similarities and Differences between Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism1194 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious teachings: Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. These three sects in religious thinking have many similarities as all recognize the life-cycle and the need of liberation, they worship one central deity that used to be a human who gained enlightenment and they all recognize the existence of the eternal soul and after-death re-incarnation. However, they also share a lot of differences that mark the underlying principles of practicing them. I will identify the scope of differences and similaritiesRead MoreDifferences Between Yoruba, Hinduism ( Karma ) And Buddhism1590 Words   |  7 Pages쀀쀀e in become more evolved as a nation one of the problem that needs to be address is how to respon se to diverse faith within our healthcare practices. This essay serves to compare these three different religious philosophies: Yoruba, Hinduism (karma) and Buddhism, to a Christian’s perspective. These religions have wide perspectives but one will key in on health management and what to expect from healthcare point of view while caring for these patients. Yoruba religion is based on nature worshippingRead MoreDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words   |  10 Pages Title: Difference and Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and theyRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism948 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Hinduism and Buddhism came from the region called India. Hinduism was the dominant one in the subcontinent, while Buddhism had to flee to other regions to spread its belief to the people. The creation of Hinduism will eventually give birth to Buddhism later on. Even though both â€Å"religions† came from the same region, they have some similarities and differences between them. Hinduism from the start was a combination of different beliefs or ceremonies from the Indus Valley Civilization. All ofRead MoreHinduism vs. Buddhism Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesHinduism and Buddhism are two of the most interesting religions in the world. To date, people still practice these religions in varying parts of the world. Although originating from the country of India, some have difficulty in differentiating between the two. Although Hinduism and Buddhism share many similarities, they are also different. What is Hinduism? Hinduism, the largest of the eastern religion and one of the oldest in the world. (Curry). Hinduism denotes the religions of majority ofRead MoreHinduism Vs. Buddhism970 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Buddhism are two of the most interesting religions in the world. To date, people still practice these religions in varying parts of the world especially in India. Although originating from Ancient India, some have difficulty in differentiating be tween the two. Hinduism and Buddhism share many similarities and also differ immensely. What is Hinduism? Hinduism, often referred to as Sanatana Dharma is the largest of the eastern religion and one of the oldest in the world. â€Å"HinduismRead MoreComparing Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana644 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the difference between Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana in relation to both Hinduism and Buddhism. Karma is the connotation of causality that past actions influence future events. This is the same for both Buddhism and Hinduism. Both also believe in an endless cycle of births known as endless cycle of births, known as samsara. and release from this cycle of rebirths. Hindus believe in an everlasting soul (atman) that is reincarnated almost intact from birth to birth,Read MoreCompare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesHinduism and Buddhism Some people may think that Hinduism and Buddhism are the same religions with just two different names. They aren’t, Buddhism and Hinduism both have different types of rituals, holidays, founders, and so-on. The two extensive religions of Hinduism and Buddhism have lots of information behind themselves. They are made up of cultures, rituals, practices, and many other things. â€Å"Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over a long period of timeRead MoreComparing The Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesExam II #2. Compare and contrast the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. What were the essential differences between the two? What hope did they give to the common people of India ? Both Hinduism and Buddhism are prominent religions in the ancient and modern world. They are arguably two of the most popular polytheistic faiths as well. Most people make the mistake of grouping them as one uniform religion, but this is inaccurate. Buddhism and Hinduism do split some resemblance, but several aspects

Essay on The No Child Left Behind Act - 953 Words

President Bush quoted, â€Å"Clearly, our children are our future†¦Too many of our neediest children are being left behind† (www.ed.gov). The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act expands the federal government’s role in elementary and secondary education. The NCLB act was enacted January 8, 2002, and has four reform principles to the act: Accountability, flexibility, Researched-based reforms and parental options. Accountability begins with informed parents, communities and elected leaders so we can work together to improve schools. The states will measure the progress by testing every child in grades 3 through 8 in reading and math, states will implement fair and effective annual tests and Washington will provide funding to states to design and†¦show more content†¦As just one example, under the Choice provisions of NCLB, LEAs must allow transfers of students from poorly performing Title I schools to good schools, but Title I funding will not follow t hat student to the new school. NCLBs Choice provisions ignore such realities, suggesting that poorly performing students will somehow magically become good readers by moving to a school with good scores. The likelihood is that your previously successful school will find its average scores pulled down dramatically by the new arrivals. Since your schools performance is rated by disaggregating five sub categories of students and watching their scores, your school could rapidly decline into a poorly performing category, so much for reform. Improving student performance is ultimately a matter of improving the capacity of the system to deliver effective learning experiences to all students. Another problem with NCLB act is school choice, if a school fails two years in a row every single student has the right to go to another school. This creates a bigger student to teacher ratio, and gives students less individual time with the teacher. There is also Too little focus on social causes o f poor performance, despite decades of evidence that poor school performance is shaped in part by poverty, neglect and various social disadvantages, NCLB does little to alter those root causes. Anyone with a true commitment to turning around the performance of disadvantaged children wouldShow MoreRelatedNo Child Left Behind Act1621 Words   |  7 Pages The support for the No Child Left Behind Act plummeted down shortly after the act passed. Many people supported the act at first simply because they supported the goals of the act, once they saw the results, their opinions changed. One of the biggest arguments towards No Child Left Behind is that it is unfair. People believed the resources of difference schools were unequal, and thought the Title 1 funding that the schools received should go to ensuring all schools had equal resources. Many peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review: Every Student Succeeds Act Suzanne Hatton, BSW, LSW University of Kentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of itsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act875 Words   |  4 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act â€Å"NCLB† was a bill passed by the Senate in 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. It was a revision of the Elementary and Secondary Act â€Å"ESEA† of 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The NCLB was intended to help children in lower-income families achieve the same standard of education as children in higher income families. This was done by the federal government providing extra finances for Title I schools in exchange for a rise in academicRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1418 Wor ds   |  6 Pagessystematic oppression. The flowing water of oppression floods poor schools; drowning students with dreams, and giving no mercy. The only ones safe from the water are the privileged, who are oblivious to the fact that it exists. George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2002, mandated annual standardized testing in math and reading. If schools received insufficient scores, they were punished or shut down. This fueled the construed concept that a school is only doing well if the students haveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesuccessful at it. (Source 7) Next, the â€Å"No Child left behind Act† it was signed by President George W. Bush and it passed with bipartisan support on Jan. 8, 2002. This Act states that there will be mandated annual testing in the subject reading and math and science. In the grades 3-8 and 10th grade. It shows the Adequate Yearly Progress of each school in the system of the United States. (source 1) The biggest point of this Act is that no child is â€Å"trapped in a failing school† (source 1). That eachRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act2120 Words   |  9 PagesWhen President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law in 2002, the legislation had one goal-- to improve educational equity for all students in the United States by implementing standards for student achievement and school district and teacher performance. Before the No Child Left Behind Act, the program of study for most schools was developed and implemented by individual states and local communities†™ school boards. Proponents of the NCLB believed that lax oversightRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1988 Words   |  8 PagesJanuary 8, 2002, George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law (also known as the NCLB). The No Child Left Behind Act was the latest reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, a federal education bill addressing the nation’s schools. At his signing ceremony, Bush stated, â€Å"There’s no greater challenge than to make sure that every child—and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children—every single child, regardless of where they live, how they’reRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was the biggest educational step taken by president Bush and his administration. Its main goal included the increase of achievement in education and completely eliminate the gap between different racial and ethnic grou ps. Its strategies had a major focus on uplifting test scores in schools, hiring â€Å"highly qualified teachers† and deliver choices in education. Unluckily, the excessive demands of the law have not succeeded in achieving the goals that were set, and have causedRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1747 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NALB) was signed into law by the former President of the United States George Walker Bush on the 8th of January 2002. It was a congressional attempt to encourage student achievement through some reforms focused on elementary and secondary education programs in the United States. The NCLB requires that within a decade all students including those with disabilities to perform at a proficient level on their state academic evaluation testsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1124 Words   |  5 PagesChristian J. Green Dr. Shoulders NCLB and ESSA 28 February 2016 The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was authorized by and signed into law in 2002. NCLB was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB was meant to hold schools to higher standards, enforce accountability, and close achievement gaps that had existed in education since ESEA was enacted. Nevertheless, the rigorous standards and goals set forth under NCLB were never attained. ESEA Flexibility could

Gender in Nursing Essay - 1351 Words

Are male nurses accepted by female nurses? Nursing was mainly a female career, over the year’s males are moving into the role of nursing (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008). The shortage of nurses could be a factor why males are entering the nursing field. According to (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008 in 1963 on 1% of nurses were male and in 2000 5.4% are male. People question a males sexuality if they move into the nursing profession. Public’s assume that the male nurses are homosexual as cited by (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008. Whereas women are accepted in the role of a physician, men are challenged by the role of nursing. A study was done to determine the attitude of acceptances of the male nurses by female nurses (McMillan, Morgan †¦show more content†¦The instrument used was a non-copyrighted, 46-item open-ended questionnaire, Sexist Attitude Inventory (SAI) to measure attitudes of professionals toward the opposite sex, who dominates the profession. Originally, the SAI was used for economics, so the instrument had to be adjusted. They called in Attitude Inventory (AI) to accommodate their study. The instrument was pilot tested, and the item analysis indicated a strong degree of internal consistency, which proved validity, and reliability (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008). The 4-point Likert scale was used and the scoring 4 being high 1 being low. A high AI score would be equal to or greater than 131 and a low AI would be equal to or less than 120 and is consistent with the original SAI. Other variables used included position, sex, marital status, age, years of license, education level, years of nursing, and specialty, work experience with a male nurse, city population or town where most of their time was spent between age five-16 (social elements), current city or town population and number of employees in their medical institution (social elements). The social elements, it was thought, might lead to positive attitudes about mens role in th e workplace. That may lead to a broader view (McMillan, Morgan Ament, 2008). An alpha level of p.05 was used for all statistical test. The participants were described by descriptive statistics. The t-test, chi-square, andShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination and Nursing973 Words   |  4 PagesNow in days you see more males nurses than before, in the nursing field. Having male nurses can be beneficial, but then again some people tend to refuse them. The public know male nurses as to not being productive or effective as female nurses. Others think the opposite; perhaps they have experienced a bond with male nurses. Male nurses can make certain patients feel comfortable. In some cases men are necessary when nurses need that extra physical strength. Also it may seem stereotype, but men tendRead MoreGender Issues in the Nursing Profession2023 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction - Male nurses make up about 9% of nursing students in both Canada and the United States. Whilst, on the one hand, the circumstance of male nurses seems to be growing, on the other hand, it is not growing too rapidly and, at the same time, attrition is taking place so that more male nurses are leaving the nursing field that are entering it (Stott, 2007). This is astonishing particularly given the fact that males who enter nursing are given more opportunity than females and open to lucrativeRead MoreEssay on Gender Bias for Men in the Field of Nursing690 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen victims of gender bias, whether in the academic fields; our roles at home; or even in the clothes we chose to wear. This problem is not something that came up recently, rather it’s an issue that has been ongoing for centuries. As a child, if you are a girl, you wear pink clothes with flowers and play with Barbie dolls. A little boy on the other hand, wears blue and walks around with toy cars and video ga me controllers. Before we can choose our goals, we are assigned specific gender roles and careerRead MoreGender Roles Since The 1980 s And Their Impact On The Nursing Profession2203 Words   |  9 PagesThis report explores the changes in gender roles since the 1980’s and their impact on the nursing profession Sex and gender According to sociobiology our sex, or, our biological differences are what determines our gender. Sociobiologists suggest that biological elements such as our hormones, chromosomes and the size of our brain are what influence our behaviour and consequently what differentiates our gender. Because men produce more testosterone and androgens than women, which are linked to strengthRead MoreGender Differences Between Associate And Baccalaureate Degree Levels1637 Words   |  7 Pages While the nursing field continues to flourish in today’s job market,it is also experiencing a massive shortage. Despite this alarming fact, according to Buerhaus (2008): â€Å" Of the estimated 2.24 million RNs in the nursing workforce in 2006, 200,000 were men (8%)† (p. 2424). In order to alleviate the nursing shortage, nursing schools must allure men into the field by eliminating the feminization of the profession and appealing to a diverse demographic who choose to pursue a career in a fe male dominatedRead MoreGender Differences Between Associate And Baccalaureate Degree Levels1639 Words   |  7 Pages While the nursing field continues to flourish in today’s job market,it is also experiencing a massive shortage. Despite this alarming fact, according to Buerhaus (2008): â€Å" Of the estimated 2.24 million RNs in the nursing workforce in 2006, 200,000 were men (8%)† (p. 2424). In order to alleviate the nursing shortage, nursing schools must allure men into the field by eliminating the feminization of the profession and appealing to a diverse demographic who choose to pursue a career in a femaleRead MoreEssay about Nursing: Why Not Men?1084 Words   |  5 Pages(Poliafico). Nursing is a profession in the health care field that concentrates on the nurturing care of individuals. The United States currently lacks testosterone (the male hormone) in the nursing field. The subject is something many people have thought about at least once in their lives. Some may argue nursing is a career meant for a woman, while others may argue it is a non-gender specified career option. Either way, the world has come to accept the lack of men in nursing. The nursing professionRead MoreThe Male Minority Of Nursing Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesMinority in Nursing Jenny Nye Professor Hylton Introduction to Professional Nursing 9/29/16 Abstract Nursing is a predominantly female ruled field. Up until modern time, male nurses were practically unheard of and frowned upon. Even presently there is a stigma that comes with being a man who is a nurse. This paper was written with the intention of bringing attention to the minority that males are in the field of nursing and show that while career fields are becoming more gender neutral, thereRead More Why Are There So Few Men In Nursing? Essays1307 Words   |  6 Pagesin 2006 ¬. Similar to many traditionally female professions, the percentage of male in nursing is small. In fact, male nurses only comprised eight percent of RN’s in 2008. Although much effort has been made to recruit more men into nursing, many contributing factors have driven them away from this profession. Those factors include poor nursing image, negative public perception, low economic status, and gender stereotypes. One of the most significant factors that deter men from entering the professionRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Discrimination1303 Words   |  6 Pagesfor their families. It wasn’t until Florence Nightingale revolutionized the field of nursing by affirming the natural feminine qualities of care, nurture and gentle. The U.S. is experiencing a slow but steady increase of men within the nursing profession (Evans, 1997); however, integrating masculine and feminine roles still poses a big problem. Male nurses consist 9.6% of the nursing population, precipitating gender inequity (MacWilliams, Schmidt, Bleich, 2013; U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Unfortunately

How A City Teenager Good - 1692 Words

1 is â€Å"Footloose†. This movie is an upbeat, pop, classic musical Good 2 released in 1984. This movies soundtrack reached the number Good 3 chart on April 21, 1984. It stayed number one until June 30, Good 4 until June 30, 1984. This movie is about how a city teenager Good 5 Taylor-Corbett. She is a director, chorographer, composer, Good 6 chorographer, composer, and lyricist. She was born in Good 7 born in Denver, Colorado and works in film and theatre (most Good 8 (most notably, creating the choreography for the 1984 dance Good 9 â€Å"Footloose†). Corbett also choreographs for some dance Good 10 dance companies, both modern and ballet, and is the principal Good 11 Carolina Ballet. She choreographed the dance â€Å"Great Galloping Good†¦show more content†¦He is an American Good 24 as a guitarist. He is known for soft rock music beginning Good 25 in the 1970s, and later was known for writing and performing Good 26 in the 1980s. Thomas Righter Snow was born in 1947 in Good 27 in Princeton, New Jersey and is an American songwriter. Good 28 American songwriter. James Richard Jim Steinman was born on Good 29 on November 1, in New York City, NY. He is an American Good 30 American composer, lyricist, and Grammy Award-winning record Good 31 many hit songs. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist Good 32 as an arranger, pianist and singer. The composers worked Good 33 released on March 23, 1984 (Sweden). The movie was directed by Good 34 Herbert Ross. This movie was based off of a true story Good 35 in Elmore City. Although there were some creative liberties Good 36 with the movie, it is based on the real life fight between Good 37 where they lived. Dancing wasn’t allowed in the city of Elmore. Good 38 city of Elmore. The class of 1980 at Elmore City High School Good 39 on the matter. The students won with a vote of 3 to 2 in Good 40 rebellious spirit. It’s a classic tale of a teenage rebellion Good 41 and repression, which features a pleasant combination of Good 42 performances. Footloose† is set in a small, Middle Western Good 43 set in a small, Middle Western religious town where bopping Good 44 strictly forbidden. Into this slightly isolated climate comes Good 45 punk haircut. Although Ren tries

Cross Cultural HR Practices-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Choose any HR Practices and Explain how Cultural Differences may have an Impact. Answer: Introduction This paper analyses the critical role of Human Resource Manager, it discusses about the changing needs of culture worldwide. It is presumed that culture is the backbone of a nation, the business houses who caters their needs well didnt face any difficulty in their working operation. As the company grows, the goal of becoming an International sets their pathways to growth and opportunities. The workforce working in these corporate having different backgrounds and cultural values, to manage that workforce, human resource plays a key role in managing all these. Different practices used to operate and handle the employees of the organization because of the cultural difference. Great care and special attention given while preparing the Human Resource policies resource management. Various compliances require the need of structured HRM policies for the handling of different attitude, beliefs and mindset. Cross cultural Hr practices Managing Human Resource is a complex phenomenon as different people come from different backgrounds, their thoughts are different, their beliefs are varied in nature.According to Laurent (1986) a comparative analysis across national culture brings the startling evidence that there is no such thing as Management with a capital M.Human resource plays a significant role in the management of the workforce and to make them utilize their maximum potential to get the maximum from them. In the present scenario the HR domain getting bigger and gaining its importance in the corporate world. Human Resource plays a significant role in managing the workforce and all their operations, whether it is being related to their salary part or their health issues. Taking the examples of two HR practices to make the discussion more compatible: Recruitment and selection Performance appraisal Recruitment Selection According to Budhwar et.al. (2012), recruitment and selection are the most crucial task for a business nowadays, the companies are now facing the problem of attrition, the question is why this is been happening, there are various elements to support this context but the basic one is the cultural differences, people came from different background, having different set of knowledge, thoughts, ideas, beliefs and their mindset. These factors are the most critical things to manage, recruitment and selection has been done with wider set of HR practices by keeping the basic requirement of the organization ,but to satisfy the need of organization compromises the candidates potential and hence may lead to labor turnover, which is the most concerning issue in the business environment. When IKEA were recruiting their candidates they faced the problem of language, where candidates failed to translate the world Humbleness Wittgenstein said if a lion could speak, we would not understand what it had to say to us,this is hard to find the right candidate for the job because in present day the mark of stability arises and while obtaining the reasons, the findings are the differences in culture which leads to internal conflicts between the employees. There are multiple ways for betterment in recruitment across the culture, such as organizing the training program, seminars and mixed session of employees which makes them understanding each other their cultural diversity. Recruitment is increasingly a worldwide activity so to make the decisions by having more realistic approach helps a lot. Occupational Health and Safety According to Brewster Mayrhofer (2012), health and safety are the most emerging factors in the present business environment, the employees are now more concerned toward their health and safety before joining any organization. The labor intensive industry facing this issue as a challenge, the organization had to provide health claim benefits to their employees beforehand. This need had been arise due to the dealing in hazardous environment which cause any kind of injury, due to the involvement of various technological advancement the hand work is being totally furnished and machinery taken the replacement. According Liu et.al. (2016) Occupational Health safety differs from culture to culture, the need and requirement of the employees varies from person to person due to having different cultural backgrounds, different set of attitudes, beliefs and perception. The occupation now, completed with the parameter health and safety. The organization provides adequate safeguards to their employees, ensuring their interests could not be harmed and hence to get maximum from them. According to Boehmt et.al. (2014), the Human Resource management is working in the sphere of protecting the employees of the organization, several policies laid down to preserve their interests the organizations are becoming leading giants by working for the welfare of their employees. The companies providing various beneficial policies such as accidental policies, injury coverage, health insurance and a lot more with different names. However the employees sometimes, find difficult to cope up with the policies due to the different cultural background, their mindset are different, their requirements are different, that will cause attrition and labor turnover in the future. The recruiters, across the globe facing the issue of cultural differences. International Human Resource Practices According to Ash et.al. (2013), there are several theories in International Human Practices given by the top notch organizations across the globe ,however the working style of each organization differ from culture to culture where it is operating. Human resource is a much wider term which work on different theories and practices, and each of these policies requires a great amount of revision before implementing in an organization. In present day the competition is among the nations the organization level of competition has been raised up to international level that requires that quality level which is totally unbeatable, higher competencies is required by the workforce. According to Absar, M. M. N. (2012), generally the multinational corporation adopts the same policies for their workforce worldwide that requires the standardization and a monitored structure which does not harm the interests of employees. Also in these MNCs to safeguard their interests there is a separate department called EMPLOYEE CARE, working for them. According to Caligiuri (2014) Other than MNCs the other organization also making the environment soothing for their employees to combat with the challenge of cultural differences. The Human Resource practices across the globe framing their policies by keeping the cultural background of a nation if it is, a MNC or else it is a national one than it focuses on the local or social requirement of the employees to cope up with the issue of cultural differences. Some of the international Human Resource Practices are, International Staffing, Performance management in international assignment, pre departure training in international assignment, Repatriation, Compensation issues in international assignment According to Taylor (2014), the issue of cultural differences as well as workforce differences in the operations of the organization has caught the attention of HR managers, as the world is narrowing its boundaries the viability to work in a cross cultural environment becomes the most valuable asset for any executive. Now there is work diversity in the organization, as the economies are developing, the business houses are also expanding and so are the various challenges. The study of culture is a lot more require than ever before, and to manage them precisely. The internationalization of the businesses directly reflects its blooming productivity and that is only possible with the quality workforce. According to Conway et.al. (2016), due to the direct impact on the economy, there is a need of sound HR practices, which understand the employees well and their culture. Globalization, HR is the global center of this change, involving in both acquiring and deploying the talents. Conclusion From this paper, it has been concluded that the, HR practices differentiates from culture to culture. These practices depends upon the situatons and the working environment of different culture. These Today HR is the more diversified sector than ever which includes recruiting, staffing, training, and different appraisal program to appreciate their talent and to make them better utilize their potential, understanding of employee culture References Absar, M. M. N. (2012). Recruitment selection practices in manufacturing firms in Bangladesh.Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 436-449. Ash, R., Hodge, P., Connell, P. (2013). The recruitment and selection of principals who increase student learning.Education,134(1), 94-100. Boehm, S. A., Kunze, F., Bruch, H. (2014). Spotlight on age?diversity climate: The impact of age?inclusive HR practices on firm?level outcomes.Personnel Psychology,67 (3), 667-704. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Caligiuri, P. (2014). Many moving parts: Factors influencing the effectiveness of HRM practices designed to improve knowledge transfer within MNCs.Journal of International Business Studies,45(1), 63-72. Conway, E., Fu, N., Monks, K., Alfes, K., Bailey, C. (2016). Demands or resources? The relationship between HR practices, employee engagement, and emotional exhaustion within a hybrid model of employment relations.Human Resource Management,55(5), 901-917. Liu, Y., Woywode, M. (2013). Light?Touch Integration of Chinese Cross?Border MA: The In?uences of Culture and Absorptive Capacity.Thunderbird International Business Review,55 (4), 469-483. Taylor, S. (2014). Recruitment and selection.Strategic Human Resource Management: An International Perspective,10(6), 139-14.

Freuds Theories on Personality free essay sample

Sigmund Freud developed psychodynamic theories on personality. He believed that there are three elements to our personality. The first is the ID, the second is the ego, and the third is the superego. He believed that each element keeps the others in check; therefore if all elements are well balanced the person had a healthy personality. Freud also developed a theory in which he believed our subconscious developed defense mechanisms to help us cope with anxiety and conflict. Finally, and quite possibly the most controversial and most known of his theories, he developed what he called the ‘psychosexual stages’. According to Sean McLeod, Freud believed life was composed of either pleasure or tension, and that tension was just built up sexual energy and pleasure was the only way to release the tension. (McLeod, 2008) As you can imagine, his theories were not widely accepted and are still hot topics of debate amongst psychoanalysts today. Freud believed the only element of our personality that is present at birth is the ID. He believed it to be the unconscious and included all of our natural and primitive instincts, or survival instincts. Freud was convinced that the ID is ruled by the pleasure principle. McLeod’s impression of the pleasure principle is that when the id doesn’t receive the gratification it seeks it begins to experience unpleasure. (McLeod, 2008) For instance, when an infant is hungry it will cry until it is fed. Being fed is part of the ID because it is a survival instinct and when that need is fulfilled it provides pleasure in a feeling of being full or satisfied. If the infant is not fed he/she goes into a sort of panic and experiences the unpleasure feeling. Freud also believed this was where the vast majority of libido energy was stored. The ID could be considered the devil on one’s shoulder, encouraging them to do whatever it takes to achieve pleasure. Regardless of the risk or complications, it wants what it wants and when it wants it. In comparison to the ID, the second element, the ego, is more realistic and down to earth. It uses logic and reason to help control the behavior of the ID. According to Freud, the ego is both conscious and unconscious. It is driven by the same instincts as the ID but uses common sense and reasoning to try to achieve the goal. McLeod points out that Freud mentions a comparison of the ID being a horse and the ego is the rider. This comparison makes perfect sense. (McLeod, 2008) Both the ID and ego share the same goal, as in a horse a rider attempting to reach a location, but they serve different functions in obtaining it. The id is perhaps the wild side to the calmer ego. It is the egos job to meet the needs of the id, while taking into consideration the reality and logic. The final element for the structure of one’s personality is the superego. The superego could be considered our conscious. It has developed morals and learned its idea of right from wrong, usually with guidance from the child’s mentors and role models. If the ID is the horse and the ego is the rider, then then superego is like a map to guide it. It has a clearer understanding of what is acceptable in society. The superego is what provides us with feelings of pride or guilt. Just like the ego, it shares the same goals as the ID. Its primary function is to keep the ego in check and ensure that actions are socially acceptable. Even though the ID is logical, it cannot necessarily decide what is acceptable in society. The ID throws a fit and wants something, the ego determines a way to get it because it knows that a fit won’t get the job done, and the superego comes along and perfects the plan by making it normal to society so that it does not cause embarrassment. Where the ID can be thought of as the devil on one’s shoulder, the superego balances it by being the angel on their shoulder. When the ego cannot satisfy the needs of both the ID and the superego it can become overwhelmed. When this happens the ego uses a defense mechanism to help ward off the unpleasant feelings. There are several different defense mechanisms that can be used. Each helps the ego and/or the person avoid anxiety in a stressful situation. The defense mechanisms job description is to protect from the reality of the stressful situation. One example of a defense mechanism would be repression. Repression allows the ego to ignore and block distressing thoughts and feelings from becoming conscious. Repression ultimately pushes the thoughts out of the conscious mind. A person might use repression to block the memory of their mother’s funeral to avoid the feelings of grief and hurt. Another defense mechanism used by the ego is denial. Denial, unlike repression does not block the thought or feeling; rather it refuses to acknowledge its presence. The most common examples of denial would be a person in an abusive relationship. No matter how many bruises or broken bones they end up with, they will deny that there is a problem. Denial is often used by addicts. Almost everyone can recognize the statement ‘the first step is admitting you have a problem’. Rationalization is another ego defense form. When a person rationalizes something they make up a reasonable explanation for the threatening behavior. An example of rationalization would be when a person thinks that it is okay for them to cheat on a test one time because they have never done it before. Projection, displacement, regression and identification are additional examples of defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are very healthy for a person’s psyche as long as they are not abused. A person using denial to avoid confronting the fact they have an alcohol addiction would be an example of abusing a defense mechanism. Freud proposed a theory that a child’s personality develops in five stages. He called these stages psychosexual stages. Each stage represented a different sexual energy and was focused on certain areas of the body. Each stage also presented a challenge to the child. It was Freud’s belief that, starting from birth, sexual energy would start to accumulate and need to be released. Once the energy was released the person could then go on to the next stage. The first stage in Freud’s theory is the oral stage. This stage starts from birth and lasts until about one year old. Just as it sounds, everything in this stage is focused on the mouth. An infant’s primary focus for his or her first year is their mouth. They eat and generally form a habit of sucking on a thumb or some other object. Both the eating and the thumb sucking are pleasure releases for an infant. They draw a comfort from the actions. To bring back Freud’s ideas of the ID, when the infant is hungry he or she uses their mouth to cry and make noise so that they can achieve the pleasure they seek. Freud argued that if a person were to get stuck in this phase he would have an oral fixation. (McLeod, 2008) Examples of oral fixations include smoking, overeating, or anything in general that they use their mouth for, particularly in stressful situations. Stage two in Freud’s theory is the anal stage. This stage starts at around one and can last until about the age of three. This stage focuses on toilet training. Freud believed that the manner in which a child is toilet trained directly relates to his manners with authority. (McLeod, 2008) It was his belief that if a child’s parents set the expectations to high or too soon the child was likely to become anal-retentive. Anal-retentive is when everything is held in. These people like cleanliness and order. On the opposite end of that spectrum is anal-expulsive. Anal-expulsive personalities are often rebellious and disorganized. Dino Felluga interpreted this stage as one in which the child is pleased because after defecation he or she feels they have made something of their own. (Felluga, 2011) Obviously the child would have to have approval and praise from his or her parents and that would bring about a sense of gratification and pride. Between the ages of three and six children go through what Freud called the phallic stage. This has been believed to be the most important stage in the personality development theory. The genitals become the obsession in this stage. This is also the stage of gender identity discovery. He called this the Oedipus Complex. During this time the child will desire the parent of the opposite sex. In his own interpretation of the Oedipus Complex, James Phelan thought the boys would often fabricate a jealous rivalry with their father and then at some point they begin to fear that their father will discover their jealousy and render a punishment. (Phelan, 2005) The most tragic consequence a young boy can think of is his penis being taken away. Freud referred to this as â€Å"castration anxiety†. Once this fear is realized the little boy will start to connect with his father more than his mother. It was during this time he believed the most influential bonding could take place between a father and son. (Phalen, 2005) Freud was convinced that once a little girl realized she didn’t have penis she would begin to feel inferior to her father. Ultimately she faulted her mother for this and focused her attention and love onto her father. Freud referred to this concept as â€Å"penis envy†. There was concern if a person did not overcome the Oedipus Complex. In order to concur the challenge in this stage the child must concur the trust issues with the opposite sex parent. If this did not happen, as in previous stages, the child would get fixated in this stage. The direct reaction for this is trouble in relationships. Phalen thought that the males would not be intimate. In his research he also mention’s Freud’s belief that this is where homosexuality develops. (Phalen, 2005) Freud’s theories on if a female were to get stuck in this stage are weak at best. As the evidence shows, Freud did not have a good handle on females and how they developed. He assumed that if a female did get fixated in the Oedipus Complex stage it was because she was deeply ashamed and rather than face her father she gravitated towards the female sex. (Phalen, 2005). The next stage in the psychosexual stages is the latency stage, occurring between the ages of about 6 to puberty. This is the stage for learning. The sexual needs expressed in the previous stages are repressed and the child begins to focus on the reality principle. As previously discussed, the reality principle is important for the function of the ego and superego. It is during this time that a child can behave like a child. They focus on playing with children their age and enjoy learning new concepts. Usually they develop a sense of independence while at the same time learning to love and care for others. (Felluga, 2011) In general it is a calm and creative stage. The final stage in Freud’s theory is the genital stage. Simply put, this is the young adult. The libido comes back and in full gear and the goal is to find a sex object. John Garcia interpreted this stage as the stage in which the child becomes an adult and begins to seek out ways to channel his sexual energy in meaningful ways. (Garcia, 1995, p. 2). The primary focus is still the libido and that means they are on the hunt for a satisfactory partner of the opposite gender. The difference between this stage and earlier stages is that the energy is now focused on the opposite sex rather than selfish pleasure. (McLeod, 2008) In retrospect, Freud’s theories may have been too bizarre for general audience acceptance. Regardless of the sanity of his ideas, Brian Rock Peter Fonagy thought Freud to be an intellectual genius. (Rock Fonagy, 2006) Amongst other things Freud also developed theories on memory and dream interpretation. His ideas laid the groundwork for several other psychoanalysts to begin theirs. The remarkable thing about his theories is that they all played a role on each other and intertwined. The id, ego and superego play imperative parts in each of the psychosexual stages. It is clear that his basis of theory wrapped around sexual energy, or the libido. As Rock Fonagy mentioned, Freud’s ideas will be and have been helpful in exploring ourselves and are irreplaceable.